习题练习

[{"id":552,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"在一次班级环保活动中，某学生记录了连续5天每天收集的废纸重量（单位：千克），分别为：3.5，4.2，3.8，4.0，3.7。为了更好地展示数据变化趋势，老师要求用折线图表示这些数据。如果将这5天的数据按顺序绘制在平面直角坐标系中，横轴表示天数（第1天到第5天），纵轴表示重量，那么下列哪个点的坐标不可能出现在这条折线图上？","answer":"C","explanation":"根据题意，第1天到第5天的废纸重量依次为：3.5，4.2，3.8，4.0，3.7千克。因此对应的坐标点应为：(1, 3.5)，(2, 4.2)，(3, 3.8)，(4, 4.0)，(5, 3.7)。选项A对应第2天，数据正确；选项B对应第3天，数据正确；选项D对应第5天，数据正确。而选项C中(4, 4.5)表示第4天收集了4.5千克，但实际记录为4.0千克，因此该点不可能出现在折线图上。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 19:09:52","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"(2, 4.2)","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"(3, 3.8)","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"(4, 4.5)","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"(5, 3.7)","is_correct":0}]},{"id":779,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次环保活动中，某班级学生收集废旧电池。已知第一天收集了12节，第二天收集的数量比第一天多5节，第三天收集的数量是第二天的2倍。那么这三天一共收集了___节废旧电池。","answer":"63","explanation":"第一天收集了12节；第二天比第一天多5节，即12 + 5 = 17节；第三天是第二天的2倍，即17 × 2 = 34节。三天总共收集的数量为：12 + 17 + 34 = 63节。本题考查有理数的加减与乘法运算在实际问题中的应用，属于整式加减与有理数运算的综合简单应用。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 23:57:12","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1444,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级组织学生参加数学实践活动，要求每名学生从A、B、C三个任务中至少选择一个完成。已知共有120名学生参与，其中选择A任务的有78人，选择B任务的有65人，选择C任务的有52人。同时，恰好选择两个任务的学生人数是恰好选择三个任务学生人数的3倍，且没有学生一个任务都不选。问：恰好选择三个任务的学生有多少人？","answer":"设恰好选择三个任务的学生人数为x人。\n\n根据题意，恰好选择两个任务的学生人数是3x人。\n\n因为每个学生至少选择一个任务，所以所有学生可以分为三类：\n- 只选一个任务的：设为y人\n- 恰好选两个任务的：3x人\n- 恰好选三个任务的：x人\n\n总人数为120人，因此有：\ny + 3x + x = 120\n即：y + 4x = 120 ——（1）\n\n再从任务被选的总人次角度分析：\n- 选择A任务的有78人，B任务65人，C任务52人，总人次为：78 + 65 + 52 = 195\n\n每个只选一个任务的学生贡献1人次，\n每个选两个任务的学生贡献2人次，\n每个选三个任务的学生贡献3人次。\n\n因此总人次可表示为：\n1×y + 2×(3x) + 3×x = y + 6x + 3x = y + 9x\n\n所以有：y + 9x = 195 ——（2）\n\n用方程（2）减去方程（1）：\n(y + 9x) - (y + 4x) = 195 - 120\n5x = 75\n解得：x = 15\n\n代入（1）得：y + 4×15 = 120 → y = 60\n\n因此，恰好选择三个任务的学生有15人。\n\n答：恰好选择三个任务的学生有15人。","explanation":"本题考查数据的收集、整理与描述中的集合思想与方程建模能力，结合一元一次方程和二元一次方程组的解法。解题关键在于理解“人次”与“人数”的区别，并合理设未知数，建立两个不同角度的等量关系：一是总人数，二是任务被选的总人次。通过设恰好选三个任务的人数为x，利用“恰好选两个任务的人数是其3倍”建立联系，再结合总人数和总人次列出方程组，最终求解。本题综合性强，需要学生具备较强的逻辑分析和方程建模能力，属于困难难度。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 11:41:23","updated_at":"2026-01-06 11:41:23","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":589,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在一次班级数学测验中，老师记录了某小组6名学生的成绩（单位：分）分别为：78、85、90、82、88、87。如果老师想计算这组数据的平均分，以下哪个选项是正确的？","answer":"B","explanation":"要计算这组数据的平均分，需要将所有分数相加，然后除以人数。计算过程如下：78 + 85 + 90 + 82 + 88 + 87 = 510。总人数为6人，因此平均分为510 ÷ 6 = 85（分）。所以正确答案是B选项。本题考查的是数据的收集、整理与描述中的平均数计算，属于七年级数学课程内容，难度简单，符合学生认知水平。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 20:24:40","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"84分","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"85分","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"86分","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"87分","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1059,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次环保知识竞赛中，某班级共收集了120份有效问卷。统计结果显示，其中表示‘经常进行垃圾分类’的学生人数是表示‘偶尔进行垃圾分类’人数的2倍少10人。如果设‘偶尔进行垃圾分类’的学生人数为x人，则根据题意可列出一元一次方程：________。","answer":"x + (2x - 10) = 120","explanation":"题目中已知总人数为120人，分为两类：‘偶尔进行垃圾分类’的人数为x人，‘经常进行垃圾分类’的人数比这个数的2倍少10人，即(2x - 10)人。根据总人数等于两部分人数之和，可列出方程：x + (2x - 10) = 120。此方程符合一元一次方程的形式，且基于实际问题建立，考查了学生将文字信息转化为数学表达式的能力。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 06:46:46","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1375,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级学生开展了一次关于‘每日体育锻炼时间’的调查，随机抽取了部分学生，将他们的锻炼时间（单位：分钟）记录如下：35, 40, 45, 50, 50, 55, 60, 60, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90。已知这些数据的平均数为62分钟，中位数为60分钟。现在，学校计划调整体育课程安排，要求每位学生每日锻炼时间不少于60分钟。若从这组数据中随机抽取一名学生，其锻炼时间满足学校新要求的概率是多少？若学校希望至少有80%的学生达到这一标准，至少需要再增加多少名锻炼时间不少于60分钟的学生（假设新增学生人数最少，且原数据不变）？请通过计算说明。","answer":"第一步：整理原始数据并统计满足条件的人数。\n原始数据共15个：35, 40, 45, 50, 50, 55, 60, 60, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90。\n其中锻炼时间不少于60分钟的数据有：60, 60, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90，共9人。\n因此，当前满足条件的概率为：9 ÷ 15 = 0.6，即60%。\n\n第二步：设需要再增加x名锻炼时间不少于60分钟的学生。\n增加后总人数为：15 + x\n满足条件的人数为：9 + x\n要求满足条件的学生占比至少为80%，即：\n(9 + x) \/ (15 + x) ≥ 0.8\n解这个不等式：\n9 + x ≥ 0.8(15 + x)\n9 + x ≥ 12 + 0.8x\nx - 0.8x ≥ 12 - 9\n0.2x ≥ 3\nx ≥ 15\n因为x为整数，所以x的最小值为15。\n\n答：随机抽取一名学生，其锻炼时间满足新要求的概率是60%；若要使至少80%的学生达标，至少需要再增加15名锻炼时间不少于60分钟的学生。","explanation":"本题综合考查了数据的收集、整理与描述中的平均数、中位数、频数统计以及概率计算，同时结合不等式与不等式组的知识解决实际问题。解题关键在于准确统计原始数据中满足条件的人数，建立关于新增人数的代数模型，并通过解不等式确定最小整数解。题目情境贴近学生生活，强调数据分析与决策能力，符合七年级数学课程标准中对统计与概率、不等式应用的综合性要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 11:14:33","updated_at":"2026-01-06 11:14:33","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1913,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级进行了一次数学测验，老师将成绩分为A、B、C、D四个等级，并制作了频数分布表。已知A等级有12人，B等级有18人，C等级有15人，D等级有5人。请问该班级参加测验的学生总人数是多少？","answer":"C","explanation":"本题考查数据的收集、整理与描述中的频数统计。总人数等于各等级人数之和：12（A等级） + 18（B等级） + 15（C等级） + 5（D等级） = 50（人）。因此，正确答案是C选项。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 13:12:19","updated_at":"2026-01-07 13:12:19","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"40人","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"45人","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"50人","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"55人","is_correct":0}]},{"id":635,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级组织学生参加植树活动，男生每人种3棵树，女生每人种2棵树，全班共种了70棵树。已知该班男生人数比女生多5人，那么这个班有多少名女生？","answer":"B","explanation":"设女生人数为x人，则男生人数为(x + 5)人。根据题意，男生每人种3棵树，女生每人种2棵树，全班共种70棵树，可列方程：3(x + 5) + 2x = 70。展开得：3x + 15 + 2x = 70，合并同类项得：5x + 15 = 70。两边同时减去15：5x = 55。两边同时除以5：x = 11。因此，女生有11人。验证：男生为16人，种树3×16=48棵，女生种树2×11=22棵，总计48+22=70棵，符合题意。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 21:58:40","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"10","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"11","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"12","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"13","is_correct":0}]},{"id":670,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级图书角统计中，某学生记录了上周每天新增图书的数量（单位：本）分别为：3，5，_，7，4。已知这五天平均每天新增图书5本，那么空格处应填入的数字是____。","answer":"6","explanation":"根据题意，五天平均每天新增图书5本，因此五天总共新增图书数量为 5 × 5 = 25 本。已知四天的数据为 3、5、7、4，它们的和为 3 + 5 + 7 + 4 = 19。设空格处的数为 x，则有 19 + x = 25，解得 x = 6。因此空格处应填 6。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 22:21:15","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2144,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在解方程时，将方程 2(x + 3) = 10 的第一步写成了 2x + 3 = 10。这个错误是因为该学生没有正确应用哪一条运算规则？","answer":"B","explanation":"原方程为 2(x + 3) = 10，正确去括号应为 2x + 6 = 10。但该学生写成了 2x + 3 = 10，说明他只将 2 与 x 相乘，而忽略了与常数项 3 相乘，违反了去括号时‘括号外的数要与括号内每一项相乘’的分配律规则。因此错误原因是选项 B 所述。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 13:00:46","updated_at":"2026-01-09 13:00:46","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"移项时没有改变符号","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"去括号时没有将括号外的数与括号内的每一项相乘","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"合并同类项时计算错误","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"等式两边没有同时除以同一个数","is_correct":0}]}]