习题练习

[{"id":1331,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级组织学生参加数学建模活动，研究校园内一条步行道的照明优化问题。已知步行道在平面直角坐标系中由线段AB表示，其中点A坐标为(-3, 2)，点B坐标为(5, -4)。学校计划在AB之间等距离安装若干盏路灯，要求每盏路灯之间的直线距离相等，且第一盏灯安装在A点，最后一盏灯安装在B点。若每两盏相邻路灯之间的距离不超过2.5米，且路灯总数最少，求需要安装多少盏路灯？并求出每两盏相邻路灯之间的实际距离（精确到0.01米）。","answer":"解题步骤如下：\n\n第一步：计算线段AB的长度。\n点A(-3, 2)，点B(5, -4)，\n根据两点间距离公式：\nAB = √[(5 - (-3))² + (-4 - 2)²] = √[(8)² + (-6)²] = √[64 + 36] = √100 = 10（米）\n\n第二步：设共需安装n盏路灯，则相邻路灯之间有(n - 1)段。\n每段距离为：d = AB \/ (n - 1) = 10 \/ (n - 1)\n\n根据题意，每段距离不超过2.5米，即：\n10 \/ (n - 1) ≤ 2.5\n\n解这个不等式：\n10 ≤ 2.5(n - 1)\n10 ≤ 2.5n - 2.5\n10 + 2.5 ≤ 2.5n\n12.5 ≤ 2.5n\nn ≥ 12.5 \/ 2.5 = 5\n\n因为n为整数，所以n ≥ 6\n\n要求路灯总数最少，因此取n = 6\n\n第三步：验证n = 6是否满足条件\n相邻段数：6 - 1 = 5段\n每段距离：10 ÷ 5 = 2.00（米）\n2.00 ≤ 2.5，满足条件\n\n若n = 5，则段数为4，每段距离为10 ÷ 4 = 2.5（米），虽然等于2.5，但题目要求“不超过2.5米”，2.5米是允许的。但注意：题目还要求“路灯总数最少”，而n = 5比n = 6更少，应优先考虑。\n\n重新审视不等式：10 \/ (n - 1) ≤ 2.5\n当n = 5时，10 \/ 4 = 2.5，满足“不超过2.5米”\n因此n = 5是可行的，且比n = 6更少\n\n继续检查n = 4：10 \/ 3 ≈ 3.33 > 2.5，不满足\n所以最小满足条件的n是5\n\n结论：需要安装5盏路灯，每两盏相邻路灯之间的距离为2.50米\n\n答案：需要安装5盏路灯，相邻路灯之间的距离为2.50米。","explanation":"本题综合考查了平面直角坐标系中两点间距离公式、不等式求解以及实际应用中的最优化思想。首先利用坐标计算出线段AB的实际长度，这是解决后续问题的关键。接着通过设定路灯数量n，建立相邻距离的表达式，并结合“不超过2.5米”的条件列出不等式。解题过程中需注意“总数最少”意味着要在满足约束条件下取最小的n值，因此要从较小的n开始尝试。特别要注意边界值（如等于2.5米）是否被允许，题目中‘不超过’包含等于，因此n=5是合法解。本题难点在于将几何距离与不等式约束结合，并进行逻辑推理找出最优解，体现了数学建模的基本思想。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 10:57:43","updated_at":"2026-01-06 10:57:43","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2409,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在研究一个实际问题时，发现一个等腰三角形的底边长为6，两腰长均为5。他\/她想通过构造一条对称轴来简化分析，于是作底边的垂直平分线，交两腰于点D和E。若将该三角形沿这条对称轴折叠，则两个腰完全重合。现在，该学生想计算这条对称轴上从顶点到底边中点的距离，这个距离等于多少？","answer":"B","explanation":"本题考查等腰三角形的轴对称性质与勾股定理的综合应用。已知等腰三角形底边为6，两腰为5。作底边的垂直平分线，即为对称轴，它通过顶点且垂直于底边，交底边于中点M。设顶点为A，底边两端点为B、C，则BM = MC = 3。在直角三角形AMB中，AB = 5，BM = 3，由勾股定理得：AM² = AB² - BM² = 25 - 9 = 16，因此AM = √16 = 4。这条对称轴上从顶点到底边中点的距离即为高AM，等于4。选项B正确。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 12:16:43","updated_at":"2026-01-10 12:16:43","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"√7","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"4","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"√13","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"2√3","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1864,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级组织学生参加数学实践活动，需将一批实验器材分装到若干个箱子中。若每箱装8件，则剩余12件无法装下；若每箱装10件，则最后一个箱子只装了6件，其余箱子恰好装满。已知箱子数量为整数，且器材总数不超过200件。求这批实验器材的总件数和使用的箱子数量。","answer":"设箱子数量为x个，器材总件数为y件。\n\n根据题意，第一种装法：每箱装8件，剩余12件，可得方程：\n  y = 8x + 12 （1）\n\n第二种装法：前(x - 1)个箱子每箱装10件，最后一个箱子装6件，可得方程：\n  y = 10(x - 1) + 6 = 10x - 10 + 6 = 10x - 4 （2）\n\n将（1）和（2）联立：\n  8x + 12 = 10x - 4\n移项得：\n  12 + 4 = 10x - 8x\n  16 = 2x\n  x = 8\n\n将x = 8代入（1）式：\n  y = 8 × 8 + 12 = 64 + 12 = 76\n\n验证第二种装法：前7个箱子装10×7=70件，第8个箱子装6件，共70+6=76件，符合。\n\n又76 < 200，满足条件。\n\n答：这批实验器材共有76件，使用了8个箱子。","explanation":"本题考查二元一次方程组的实际应用。通过设定箱子数和器材总数为未知数，根据两种不同的装箱方式建立两个等量关系，列出方程组并求解。关键在于理解“最后一个箱子只装6件”意味着前(x−1)个箱子是满装的，从而正确列出第二个方程。解题时需注意题目中的隐含条件（总数不超过200），并在最后进行验证。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 09:40:11","updated_at":"2026-01-07 09:40:11","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":202,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在计算一个数减去 15 时，误将减法当作加法，结果得到 38。那么正确的计算结果应该是 _ 。","answer":"8","explanation":"根据题意，某学生把‘减去15’算成了‘加上15’，得到错误结果38。设这个数为 x，则有 x + 15 = 38，解得 x = 38 - 15 = 23。因此，正确的计算应为 23 - 15 = 8。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 14:39:23","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1034,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级环保活动中，某学生记录了连续5天每天收集的废旧纸张重量（单位：千克），分别为2.5、3.0、2.8、3.2和2.7。如果这些数据被用来制作频数分布表，并将数据按0.5千克为组距进行分组，那么重量在2.5千克到3.0千克（含2.5千克，不含3.0千克）这一组中的数据个数是____。","answer":"3","explanation":"首先确定分组区间：以0.5千克为组距，从2.5开始分组，则分组为[2.5, 3.0)、[3.0, 3.5)等。题目要求统计落在[2.5, 3.0)区间内的数据个数。原始数据为2.5、3.0、2.8、3.2、2.7。其中，2.5、2.8、2.7均大于等于2.5且小于3.0，共3个数据；而3.0属于下一组[3.0, 3.5)，不计入本组。因此，该组中有3个数据。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 06:01:33","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2021,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级数学测验成绩时，发现一组数据的平均数为85分，后来发现漏记了一个成绩90分。将这个成绩加入后，新的平均数变为85.5分。请问原来这组数据共有多少个成绩？","answer":"A","explanation":"设原来有n个成绩，则原来总分是85n。加入90分后，总人数变为n+1，总分变为85n + 90，新的平均数为85.5。根据平均数公式列出方程：(85n + 90) \/ (n + 1) = 85.5。两边同乘(n + 1)得：85n + 90 = 85.5(n + 1) = 85.5n + 85.5。移项整理：85n - 85.5n = 85.5 - 90 → -0.5n = -4.5 → n = 9。因此原来有9个成绩，正确答案是A。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 10:31:38","updated_at":"2026-01-09 10:31:38","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"9","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"10","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"11","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"12","is_correct":0}]},{"id":261,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在解方程时，将方程 3(x - 2) + 5 = 2x + 7 的括号展开后得到 3x - 6 + 5 = 2x + 7，合并同类项后得到 3x - 1 = 2x + 7。接下来，该学生将含 x 的项移到等式左边，常数项移到右边，得到 ___ = 8，解得 x = 8。","answer":"x","explanation":"从步骤 3x - 1 = 2x + 7 开始，将 2x 移到左边变为 -2x，将 -1 移到右边变为 +1，得到 3x - 2x = 7 + 1，即 x = 8。因此，空格处应填写的是变量 x，表示移项后得到的方程是 x = 8。此题考查一元一次方程的移项与合并同类项能力，属于七年级代数基础内容。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 14:55:23","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1475,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"小学","type":"解答题","content":"某学生在研究平面直角坐标系中的点与图形关系时，设计了如下实验：在坐标系中，点A的坐标为(2, 3)，点B位于x轴上，且线段AB的长度为5。点C是线段AB的中点，点D在y轴上，且满足CD的长度等于AB长度的一半。已知点D位于y轴正半轴，求点D的坐标。","answer":"解题步骤如下：\n\n1. 设点B的坐标为(x, 0)，因为点B在x轴上。\n\n2. 根据两点间距离公式，AB的长度为：\n AB = √[(x - 2)² + (0 - 3)²] = 5\n 即：(x - 2)² + 9 = 25\n (x - 2)² = 16\n x - 2 = ±4\n 所以x = 6 或 x = -2\n 因此点B有两个可能位置：(6, 0) 或 (-2, 0)\n\n3. 分别求两种情况下点C的坐标（AB中点）：\n - 若B为(6, 0)，则C = ((2+6)\/2, (3+0)\/2) = (4, 1.5)\n - 若B为(-2, 0)，则C = ((2-2)\/2, (3+0)\/2) = (0, 1.5)\n\n4. 点D在y轴上，设其坐标为(0, y)，且y > 0（因在正半轴）\n 已知CD = AB \/ 2 = 5 \/ 2 = 2.5\n\n5. 分情况讨论CD的距离：\n\n 情况一：C为(4, 1.5)\n CD = √[(0 - 4)² + (y - 1.5)²] = 2.5\n 16 + (y - 1.5)² = 6.25\n (y - 1.5)² = -9.75 → 无实数解（舍去）\n\n 情况二：C为(0, 1.5)\n CD = √[(0 - 0)² + (y - 1.5)²] = |y - 1.5| = 2.5\n 所以 y - 1.5 = 2.5 或 y - 1.5 = -2.5\n 解得 y = 4 或 y = -1\n 但y > 0，故y = 4\n\n6. 因此点D的坐标为(0, 4)\n\n答案：点D的坐标是(0, 4)","explanation":"本题综合考查了平面直角坐标系、两点间距离公式、中点坐标公式以及实数运算。解题关键在于分类讨论点B的两种可能位置，并通过距离条件排除不符合的情况。特别需要注意的是，当点C在y轴上时，CD的距离计算简化为纵坐标差的绝对值，这是解题的突破口。同时，题目设置了无解情况以检验学生对方程解的合理性判断能力，体现了对数学严谨性的考查。整个过程涉及代数运算、几何直观和逻辑推理，属于较高难度的综合题。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 11:53:23","updated_at":"2026-01-06 11:53:23","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":299,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在平面直角坐标系中画了一个点，该点的横坐标是-3，纵坐标是5。这个点位于第几象限？","answer":"B","explanation":"在平面直角坐标系中，四个象限的划分如下：第一象限横纵坐标均为正，第二象限横坐标为负、纵坐标为正，第三象限横纵坐标均为负，第四象限横坐标为正、纵坐标为负。题目中给出的点横坐标是-3（负），纵坐标是5（正），因此该点位于第二象限。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:34:00","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"第一象限","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"第二象限","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"第三象限","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"第四象限","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1843,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某校八年级开展数学实践活动，测量一座建筑物的高度。一名学生站在距离建筑物底部12米的位置，使用测角仪测得建筑物顶部的仰角为30°。已知该学生的眼睛距离地面1.5米，且测角仪安装在眼睛高度处。若忽略测量误差，则该建筑物的实际高度约为多少米？（结果保留一位小数）","answer":"A","explanation":"本题考查勾股定理与三角函数在实际问题中的应用，属于中等难度。解题思路如下：\n\n1. 建立直角三角形模型：学生眼睛到建筑物底部的水平距离为12米，仰角为30°，建筑物顶部到学生眼睛的视线构成直角三角形的斜边。\n\n2. 设建筑物从学生眼睛高度到顶部的垂直高度为h米，则根据正切函数定义：\n tan(30°) = h \/ 12\n 因为 tan(30°) = √3 \/ 3 ≈ 0.577，\n 所以 h = 12 × (√3 \/ 3) = 4√3 ≈ 4 × 1.732 ≈ 6.928 米。\n\n3. 建筑物的总高度 = h + 学生眼睛离地高度 = 6.928 + 1.5 ≈ 8.428 米。\n\n4. 保留一位小数，得建筑物高度约为 8.4 米。\n\n因此正确答案为 A。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 16:53:35","updated_at":"2026-01-06 16:53:35","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"8.4米","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"8.9米","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"9.3米","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"9.8米","is_correct":0}]}]