习题练习

[{"id":891,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级环保活动中，某学生收集了若干个废旧电池。他将这些电池分成两类：可回收的和不可回收的。已知可回收电池的数量比不可回收的多6个，两类电池总数为24个。设不可回收电池的数量为x，则可列出方程：x + (x + 6) = 24。解这个方程，不可回收电池有___个。","answer":"9","explanation":"根据题意，设不可回收电池数量为x，则可回收电池数量为x + 6。两类电池总数为24，因此方程为x + (x + 6) = 24。化简得2x + 6 = 24，两边减去6得2x = 18，再除以2得x = 9。所以不可回收电池有9个。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 02:08:37","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1249,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某学生在研究平面直角坐标系中的几何问题时，发现一个有趣的规律：若将一个点P(x, y)先向右平移3个单位，再向上平移2个单位，得到点P'；然后将点P'绕原点逆时针旋转90°，得到点P''。已知点P''的坐标为(-5, 4)，求原点P的坐标(x, y)。此外，若该点P满足不等式组：2x - y > 1 且 x + 3y ≤ 10，请验证所求得的点P是否满足该不等式组。","answer":"解：\n\n第一步：设原点P的坐标为(x, y)。\n\n根据题意，点P先向右平移3个单位，再向上平移2个单位，得到点P'。\n平移变换规则：向右平移a个单位，横坐标加a；向上平移b个单位，纵坐标加b。\n因此，P'的坐标为：\n P' = (x + 3, y + 2)\n\n第二步：将点P'绕原点逆时针旋转90°，得到点P''。\n旋转90°逆时针的坐标变换公式为：\n 若点A(a, b)绕原点逆时针旋转90°，则新坐标为(-b, a)\n\n对P'(x + 3, y + 2)应用该公式：\nP'' = (-(y + 2), x + 3) = (-y - 2, x + 3)\n\n题目已知P''的坐标为(-5, 4)，因此列出方程组：\n -y - 2 = -5\n x + 3 = 4\n\n解第一个方程：\n -y - 2 = -5\n → -y = -3\n → y = 3\n\n解第二个方程：\n x + 3 = 4\n → x = 1\n\n所以，原点P的坐标为(1, 3)。\n\n第三步：验证点P(1, 3)是否满足不等式组：\n 2x - y > 1\n x + 3y ≤ 10\n\n代入x = 1，y = 3：\n\n第一式：2(1) - 3 = 2 - 3 = -1\n -1 > 1？ 不成立。\n\n第二式：1 + 3×3 = 1 + 9 = 10\n 10 ≤ 10？ 成立。\n\n由于第一式不满足，因此点P(1, 3)不满足整个不等式组。\n\n最终答案：\n点P的坐标为(1, 3)，但该点不满足给定的不等式组。","explanation":"本题综合考查了平面直角坐标系中的平移变换、旋转变换、二元一次方程组的建立与求解，以及不等式组的验证。解题关键在于掌握坐标变换的代数表示：平移是坐标的加减，旋转90°逆时针的公式为(a, b) → (-b, a)。通过逆向推理，从P''的坐标反推出P'，再反推出P。最后将所得坐标代入不等式组进行验证，体现了数形结合与逻辑推理能力。题目设计新颖，融合了多个知识点，要求学生具备较强的综合运用能力，符合困难难度要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 10:31:09","updated_at":"2026-01-06 10:31:09","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2148,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在解方程 2x + 3 = 9 时，第一步将等式两边同时减去3，得到 2x = 6。接下来他应该进行的正确步骤是：","answer":"B","explanation":"在解一元一次方程时，目标是求出未知数 x 的值。某学生已经通过移项得到 2x = 6，说明 2 是 x 的系数。为了求出 x，需要将等式两边同时除以 2，从而得到 x = 3。这是解方程的基本步骤，符合七年级学生对方程求解的学习要求。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 13:00:46","updated_at":"2026-01-09 13:00:46","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"将等式两边同时加上2","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"将等式两边同时除以2","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"将等式两边同时乘以2","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"将等式两边同时减去2","is_correct":0}]},{"id":2292,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生测量了一块直角三角形纸片的两条直角边，分别为5 cm和12 cm。若要用一根细线沿着纸片的边缘完整绕一圈，所需细线的最短长度是多少？","answer":"A","explanation":"题目要求计算直角三角形纸片的周长，即三条边之和。已知两条直角边分别为5 cm和12 cm，首先利用勾股定理求斜边：斜边 = √(5² + 12²) = √(25 + 144) = √169 = 13 cm。因此，周长为 5 + 12 + 13 = 30 cm。所需细线的最短长度即为周长，故正确答案为A。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 10:42:42","updated_at":"2026-01-10 10:42:42","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"30 cm","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"25 cm","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"17 cm","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"13 cm","is_correct":0}]},{"id":352,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学最喜欢的运动项目调查数据时，制作了如下频数分布表。已知喜欢篮球的人数占总人数的40%，总人数为50人，那么喜欢足球的人数是多少？\n\n| 运动项目 | 人数 |\n|----------|------|\n| 篮球 | ? |\n| 足球 | ? |\n| 乒乓球 | 12 |\n| 羽毛球 | 8 |\n\nA. 10\nB. 15\nC. 20\nD. 25","answer":"A","explanation":"首先根据题意，总人数为50人，喜欢篮球的人数占40%，因此喜欢篮球的人数为：50 × 40% = 20人。\n\n已知喜欢乒乓球的人数为12人，喜欢羽毛球的人数为8人，因此这三类运动的总人数为：20（篮球）+ 12（乒乓球）+ 8（羽毛球）= 40人。\n\n总人数为50人，所以喜欢足球的人数为：50 - 40 = 10人。\n\n因此正确答案是A。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:42:55","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"10","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"15","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"20","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"25","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1736,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某学校组织七年级学生开展‘校园植物分布调查’项目，要求学生在平面直角坐标系中绘制校园内不同植物的分布图。已知校园主干道为一条直线，其方程为 y = 2x + 1。在调查中，学生发现三棵银杏树分别位于点 A(1, a)、B(b, 7) 和 C(3, c)，且这三点都在这条主干道上。此外，学生还测量到一棵梧桐树位于点 D(4, d)，满足 d > 2×4 + 1，即该点在主干道上方。调查组进一步发现，若将点 A、B、C 的横坐标相加，再减去点 D 的纵坐标，结果为 -5。同时，点 B 到原点的距离小于 10。请根据以上信息，求出 a、b、c、d 的值，并判断点 D 是否可能位于第一象限。","answer":"解：\n\n第一步：由题意知，主干道方程为 y = 2x + 1，点 A(1, a)、B(b, 7)、C(3, c) 都在该直线上。\n\n因为点在直线上，其坐标满足直线方程：\n\n对于点 A(1, a)：代入 y = 2x + 1 得 a = 2×1 + 1 = 3 → a = 3\n\n对于点 B(b, 7)：代入得 7 = 2b + 1 → 2b = 6 → b = 3\n\n对于点 C(3, c)：代入得 c = 2×3 + 1 = 7 → c = 7\n\n所以目前得到：a = 3，b = 3，c = 7\n\n第二步：点 D(4, d) 满足 d > 2×4 + 1 = 9，即 d > 9\n\n第三步：根据条件“点 A、B、C 的横坐标相加，再减去点 D 的纵坐标，结果为 -5”\n\n即：1 + b + 3 - d = -5\n\n代入 b = 3 得：1 + 3 + 3 - d = -5 → 7 - d = -5 → d = 12\n\n验证 d > 9：12 > 9，成立。\n\n第四步：验证点 B 到原点的距离是否小于 10\n\n点 B(3, 7)，到原点距离为 √(3² + 7²) = √(9 + 49) = √58 ≈ 7.62 < 10，满足条件。\n\n第五步：判断点 D(4, 12) 是否在第一象限\n\n第一象限要求横坐标 > 0 且纵坐标 > 0，4 > 0，12 > 0，因此点 D 在第一象限。\n\n最终答案：\na = 3，b = 3，c = 7，d = 12；点 D 位于第一象限。","explanation":"本题综合考查了平面直角坐标系、一次函数（直线方程）、实数运算、不等式以及坐标几何中的距离与象限判断等多个七年级核心知识点。解题关键在于理解‘点在直线上’意味着其坐标满足直线方程，从而建立等式求解未知数。通过代入法依次求出 a、b、c，再利用给出的代数关系式（横坐标和减纵坐标等于 -5）建立方程求出 d，并结合不等式 d > 9 进行验证。最后结合距离公式和象限定义完成综合判断。题目情境新颖，融合实际调查背景，考查学生多知识点整合与逻辑推理能力，难度较高。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 14:20:56","updated_at":"2026-01-06 14:20:56","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2528,"subject":"数学","grade":"九年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生观察一个由三个相同扇形拼接而成的装饰图案，每个扇形的圆心角为120°，半径为6 cm。若将这三个扇形无缝拼接成一个完整的图形，则该图形的周长是多少？","answer":"C","explanation":"每个扇形的圆心角为120°，三个120°的扇形恰好拼成一个完整的圆（120° × 3 = 360°），因此它们的弧长总和等于一个完整圆的周长。圆的半径为6 cm，所以总弧长为：2π × 6 = 12π cm。拼接时，每个扇形有两条半径边，但拼接后相邻扇形的半径会重合，最终外轮廓只保留最外侧的三条半径边，即3 × 6 = 18 cm 的直线部分。因此整个图形的周长由中间的圆弧部分（已合并为整圆周长）和外围的三条半径组成，但注意：实际上拼接后内部半径被隐藏，只有最外圈的三条半径暴露在外。然而更准确地说，当三个扇形以公共顶点为中心拼合时，形成的图形是一个完整的圆，其边界仅为圆的周长，但题目强调‘拼接成一个完整的图形’且问‘周长’，结合选项分析，应理解为三个扇形并排拼接（非共圆心），此时形成的花瓣状图形外缘包含三段弧和三条外半径。但根据常规理解及选项匹配，正确模型应为三个扇形共用一个顶点拼成完整圆，此时周长仅为圆周长12π，但无此选项。重新审视：若三个扇形首尾相接拼成封闭图形（如三叶草形），则每段弧保留，且每两个扇形之间有一条半径外露，共三段弧和三条半径。每段弧长 = (120\/360) × 2π×6 = 4π，三段共12π；每条半径6 cm，三条共18 cm。故总周长为12π + 18 cm。因此选C。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 16:14:50","updated_at":"2026-01-10 16:14:50","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"12π cm","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"18π cm","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"12π + 18 cm","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"6π + 18 cm","is_correct":0}]},{"id":367,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在平面直角坐标系中，点 A 的坐标是 (3, -2)，点 B 的坐标是 (-1, 4)。某学生计算线段 AB 的中点坐标时，使用了公式：中点横坐标为两点横坐标的平均值，中点纵坐标为两点纵坐标的平均值。请问线段 AB 的中点坐标是？","answer":"A","explanation":"根据平面直角坐标系中两点间中点坐标的公式，中点坐标为：横坐标 = (x₁ + x₂) ÷ 2，纵坐标 = (y₁ + y₂) ÷ 2。已知点 A(3, -2)，点 B(-1, 4)，则中点横坐标为 (3 + (-1)) ÷ 2 = 2 ÷ 2 = 1；中点纵坐标为 (-2 + 4) ÷ 2 = 2 ÷ 2 = 1。因此，中点坐标为 (1, 1)。选项 A 正确。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:47:06","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"(1, 1)","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"(2, 2)","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"(1, -3)","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"(-2, 3)","is_correct":0}]},{"id":2301,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在一次班级数学测验中，某学生记录了5名同学完成一次函数应用题所用的时间（单位：分钟），分别为：8、10、12、10、15。这组数据的中位数和众数分别是多少？","answer":"A","explanation":"首先将数据从小到大排列：8、10、10、12、15。共有5个数据，奇数个，因此中位数是中间的那个数，即第3个数，为10。众数是出现次数最多的数，10出现了两次，其余数各出现一次，因此众数是10。所以正确答案是A。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 10:44:00","updated_at":"2026-01-10 10:44:00","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"中位数是10，众数是10","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"中位数是12，众数是10","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"中位数是10，众数是12","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"中位数是11，众数是10","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1061,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级环保活动中，某学生记录了连续5天收集的废纸重量（单位：千克），分别为：2.5，3，_，4，3.5。已知这5天收集废纸的平均重量是3.4千克，那么第三天收集的废纸重量是___千克。","answer":"4","explanation":"根据题意，5天收集废纸的平均重量是3.4千克，因此总重量为 5 × 3.4 = 17 千克。已知四天的重量分别是2.5、3、4、3.5，它们的和为 2.5 + 3 + 4 + 3.5 = 13 千克。所以第三天的重量为 17 - 13 = 4 千克。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 08:51:59","updated_at":"2026-01-06 08:51:59","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]}]