习题练习

[{"id":689,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在绘制平面直角坐标系中的点时，先向右移动4个单位，再向上移动3个单位，最后向左移动1个单位，此时他所在位置的坐标是（___，3）。","answer":"3","explanation":"该学生从原点出发，先向右移动4个单位，横坐标变为4；再向上移动3个单位，纵坐标变为3；最后向左移动1个单位，横坐标减少1，变为4 - 1 = 3。因此，最终位置的横坐标是3，纵坐标是3，题目中已给出纵坐标为3，所以空格应填3。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 22:36:07","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":763,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在某次班级数学测验中，老师将每位学生的成绩与班级平均分进行比较，记录差值（高于平均分记为正，低于平均分记为负）。已知某学生的成绩比平均分低8分，记作____；如果另一名学生的记录是+5，则他的实际成绩比平均分____（填“高”或“低”）____分。","answer":"-8；高；5","explanation":"根据题意，成绩低于平均分用负数表示，因此比平均分低8分应记作-8；记录为+5表示高于平均分，正数代表超出部分，因此比平均分高5分。本题考查有理数在实际情境中的应用，特别是对正负数意义的理解，符合七年级有理数知识点的要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 23:37:00","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1322,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市为优化公交线路，对一条主干道的车流量进行了为期7天的观测，记录每天上午8:00至9:00的车辆通行数量（单位：辆）如下：320，345，332，358，340，367，350。交通部门计划根据这组数据制定新的公交发车间隔方案。已知公交车的平均载客量为40人，每辆车每小时最多运行2个单程，且每辆公交车每天最多工作8小时。若要求在任何观测时段内，公交车运力至少能满足该时段车流量的15%（假设每辆车平均载客1.2人），同时总运营成本不能超过每日120个‘车次’（一个车次指一辆车完成一个单程）。问：为满足上述条件，该线路每日至少需要安排多少辆公交车？并说明如何安排发车班次才能使运力覆盖最紧张的一天，且总车次不超过限制。","answer":"第一步：计算7天中最大车流量\n观测数据中最大值为367辆（第6天）。\n\n第二步：计算该时段所需最小运力\n每辆车平均载客1.2人，因此367辆车对应乘客数约为：\n367 × 1.2 = 440.4 ≈ 441人\n要求公交运力至少满足15%，即：\n441 × 15% = 66.15 ≈ 67人\n\n第三步：计算每小时所需最少公交车运力\n每辆公交车每小时可运行2个单程，每个单程载客40人，因此一辆车每小时最大运力为：\n2 × 40 = 80人\n要满足67人的运力需求，至少需要：\n67 ÷ 80 = 0.8375 → 向上取整为1辆车（每小时）\n\n第四步：考虑全天工作安排\n每辆车每天最多工作8小时，每小时最多贡献80人运力，因此一辆车每天最多提供：\n8 × 80 = 640人运力\n但高峰时段（8:00–9:00）只需67人运力，因此从运力角度看，1辆车即可满足高峰需求。\n\n第五步：分析车次限制\n总车次上限为每日120个单程。\n若安排n辆车，每辆车每天最多运行8小时 × 2单程\/小时 = 16个单程，\n则总车次最多为16n。\n要求16n ≤ 120 → n ≤ 7.5 → 最多可用7辆车。\n\n第六步：验证最少车辆数是否可行\n虽然1辆车可满足高峰运力，但需确保其在8:00–9:00运行。\n假设安排1辆车专门在高峰时段运行，其余时间可调度。\n该辆车在高峰1小时内可运行2个单程，提供80人运力 > 67人，满足要求。\n总车次使用2个，远低于120限制。\n\n第七步：结论\n因此，每日至少需要安排1辆公交车即可满足运力要求和车次限制。\n安排方式：该辆车在8:00–9:00运行2个单程（如8:00发车，8:30返回；8:30再发车），其余时间可灵活调度或停运，确保总车次不超过120。\n\n最终答案：每日至少需要安排1辆公交车。","explanation":"本题综合考查数据的收集与整理（分析7天车流量）、有理数运算（乘法、百分数计算）、不等式思想（车次限制）、实际应用建模（运力与车辆调度）以及最优化思维（最少车辆数）。解题关键在于识别‘最紧张的一天’作为约束条件，将实际问题转化为数学不等式与整数规划问题。通过计算高峰时段所需最小运力，并结合车辆运行能力与车次上限，逐步推理得出最小车辆数。题目情境新颖，融合交通规划与数学建模，体现数学在现实决策中的应用，符合七年级学生已学的实数运算、一元一次不等式、数据统计等知识点，难度较高，需多步逻辑推理与综合分析。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 10:54:43","updated_at":"2026-01-06 10:54:43","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":968,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某学生测量了一个长方形花坛的长和宽，记录数据时不小心把单位弄混了。已知花坛的实际周长是 12 米，长比宽多 2 米。如果设宽为 x 米，则根据题意可列出一元一次方程：______ = 12。","answer":"2(x + x + 2)","explanation":"根据题意，设宽为 x 米，则长为 (x + 2) 米。长方形的周长公式为：周长 = 2 × (长 + 宽)。代入得：2 × (x + x + 2) = 12。因此空白处应填写 2(x + x + 2)。该题考查一元一次方程的实际应用，符合七年级数学课程要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 04:04:02","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":430,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级进行了一次数学测验，老师将成绩分为四个等级：优秀、良好、及格、不及格。统计后发现，优秀人数占总人数的25%，良好人数是优秀人数的2倍，及格人数比良好人数少10人，不及格人数为5人。若该班总人数为x，则可列出一元一次方程为：","answer":"A","explanation":"设总人数为x。根据题意：优秀人数为25%即0.25x；良好人数是优秀的2倍，即2 × 0.25x = 0.5x；及格人数比良好人数少10人，即0.5x - 10；不及格人数为5人。总人数等于各部分人数之和，因此方程为：x = 0.25x + 0.5x + (0.5x - 10) + 5。选项A正确。其他选项在良好人数或及格人数的计算上存在错误。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 17:35:07","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"x = 0.25x + 0.5x + (0.5x - 10) + 5","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"x = 0.25x + 0.25x + (0.25x - 10) + 5","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"x = 0.25x + 0.5x + (0.25x - 10) + 5","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"x = 0.25x + 0.5x + (0.5x + 10) + 5","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1865,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市地铁1号线在平面直角坐标系中沿直线铺设，已知A站坐标为(-3, 2)，B站坐标为(5, -6)。现计划在AB之间增设一个临时站点C，使得从A到C的距离与从C到B的距离之比为2:3。同时，为方便乘客换乘，需在C点正东方向4个单位处设置一个公交接驳点D。若一名学生从A站出发，先乘地铁到C站，再步行到D点，求该学生行走的总路程（精确到0.1）。","answer":"1. 设C点坐标为(x, y)。由于C在AB线段上，且AC:CB = 2:3，使用定比分点公式：\n x = (3×(-3) + 2×5)\/(2+3) = (-9 + 10)\/5 = 1\/5 = 0.2\n y = (3×2 + 2×(-6))\/5 = (6 - 12)\/5 = -6\/5 = -1.2\n 所以C点坐标为(0.2, -1.2)\n\n2. D点在C点正东方向4个单位，即横坐标加4，纵坐标不变：\n D点坐标为(0.2 + 4, -1.2) = (4.2, -1.2)\n\n3. 计算AC距离：\n AC = √[(0.2 - (-3))² + (-1.2 - 2)²] = √[(3.2)² + (-3.2)²] = √[10.24 + 10.24] = √20.48 ≈ 4.5\n\n4. 计算CD距离：\n CD = 4（正东方向水平距离）\n\n5. 总路程 = AC + CD ≈ 4.5 + 4 = 8.5\n\n答：该学生行走的总路程约为8.5个单位长度。","explanation":"本题综合考查平面直角坐标系中的定比分点、两点间距离公式及坐标变换。关键步骤是运用定比分点公式确定C点坐标，再根据方向确定D点坐标，最后分段计算距离并求和。难点在于比例关系的坐标化处理和精确计算带小数的平方根。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 09:40:17","updated_at":"2026-01-07 09:40:17","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2468,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"如图，在平面直角坐标系中，点A(0, 4)，点B(6, 0)，点C为线段AB上的一个动点。以AC为边作正方形ACDE，使得点D在x轴上方，点E在点A的右侧。连接BE，交y轴于点F。已知正方形ACDE的面积为S，线段OF的长度为y（O为坐标原点）。\\n\\n(1) 设AC = x，试用含x的代数式表示S，并求出S的取值范围；\\n(2) 当点C在线段AB上运动时，求y关于x的函数关系式，并指出该函数的定义域；\\n(3) 若某学生测得三组数据如下：当x = 2时，y ≈ 1.6；当x = 3时，y ≈ 2.4；当x = 4时，y ≈ 3.2。请判断该学生记录的数据是否符合你求得的函数关系，并说明理由。","answer":"待完善","explanation":"解析待完善","solution_steps":"待完善","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 14:32:33","updated_at":"2026-01-10 14:32:33","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1301,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市计划在一条笔直的主干道旁建设一个矩形公园，公园的一边紧邻道路，因此不需要围栏。其余三边需要用总长为120米的围栏围起来。为了便于管理，公园被划分为两个面积相等的矩形区域，中间用一道与道路垂直的围栏隔开。已知公园的长（平行于道路的一边）比宽（垂直于道路的一边）多20米。现需在该公园内设置若干个边长为2米的正方形花坛，要求花坛之间至少间隔1米，且花坛不能超出公园边界。若每平方米种植成本为50元，且预算为30000元，问：该公园最多可以设置多少个这样的正方形花坛？并验证总种植成本是否在预算范围内。","answer":"设公园的宽为x米（垂直于道路），则长为x + 20米（平行于道路）。\n\n由于公园一边靠路，其余三边加中间一道隔断共需围栏：两条宽和两条长（因为中间隔断与宽同向，增加一条宽的长度）。\n\n围栏总长为：x + x + (x + 20) + x = 4x + 20\n\n根据题意，围栏总长为120米：\n4x + 20 = 120\n4x = 100\nx = 25\n\n所以宽为25米，长为25 + 20 = 45米。\n\n公园总面积为：45 × 25 = 1125 平方米。\n\n每个正方形花坛边长为2米，面积为4平方米。\n\n花坛之间至少间隔1米，且不能靠边（隐含条件：花坛边缘距离公园边界至少0.5米？但题目未明确，故按常规理解：花坛可贴边放置，但彼此之间中心距至少3米，即边缘间距1米）。\n\n更合理的建模是：将每个花坛视为占据一个2×2的区域，并在其四周预留1米间隔。但为避免复杂化，采用网格布局法。\n\n考虑沿长度方向（45米）和宽度方向（25米）布置花坛。\n\n每个花坛占2米，间隔1米，即每个花坛及其右侧\/上侧间隔共占3米，但最后一个花坛后无需间隔。\n\n沿长度方向（45米）：设可放n个花坛，则所需长度为：2n + 1×(n - 1) = 3n - 1 ≤ 45\n→ 3n ≤ 46 → n ≤ 15.33 → 最多15个\n验证：3×15 - 1 = 44 ≤ 45，成立。\n\n沿宽度方向（25米）：同理，2m + 1×(m - 1) = 3m - 1 ≤ 25\n→ 3m ≤ 26 → m ≤ 8.66 → 最多8个\n验证：3×8 - 1 = 23 ≤ 25，成立。\n\n因此最多可布置：15 × 8 = 120 个花坛。\n\n总种植面积：120 × 4 = 480 平方米。\n\n总种植成本：480 × 50 = 24000 元。\n\n24000 < 30000，在预算范围内。\n\n答案：最多可以设置120个正方形花坛，总种植成本为24000元，在预算范围内。","explanation":"本题综合考查了一元一次方程、几何图形初步、不等式与不等式组以及数据的整理与应用。首先通过建立一元一次方程求出公园的长和宽，利用围栏总长条件解得尺寸。然后结合几何布局思想，分析花坛在矩形区域内的最大排列数量，需考虑间隔约束，转化为不等式问题。最后计算总成本和预算比较，体现数学建模能力。难点在于将实际空间布局问题抽象为数学模型，并正确处理间隔对排列数量的影响。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 10:47:59","updated_at":"2026-01-06 10:47:59","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":542,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读情况时，随机抽取了50名学生进行调查，发现其中喜欢阅读科幻小说的有18人。如果该班级共有300名学生，那么根据样本估计，喜欢阅读科幻小说的约有（ ）人。","answer":"B","explanation":"本题考查数据的收集、整理与描述中的用样本估计总体。已知样本容量为50人，其中喜欢科幻小说的有18人，因此样本中喜欢科幻小说的比例为18 ÷ 50 = 0.36。用此比例估计总体300人中的情况：300 × 0.36 = 108（人）。因此，估计喜欢阅读科幻小说的学生约有108人，正确答案为B。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 18:52:37","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"96","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"108","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"120","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"150","is_correct":0}]},{"id":291,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读情况时，收集了10名同学每周课外阅读时间（单位：小时），数据如下：3，5，4，6，5，7，5，4，6，5。这组数据的众数和中位数分别是多少？","answer":"A","explanation":"首先将数据从小到大排序：3，4，4，5，5，5，5，6，6，7。众数是出现次数最多的数，其中5出现了4次，次数最多，因此众数是5。中位数是数据按顺序排列后位于中间位置的数。由于共有10个数据（偶数个），中位数为第5个和第6个数的平均数，即(5 + 5) ÷ 2 = 5。因此，众数是5，中位数是5，正确答案是A。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:32:36","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"众数是5，中位数是5","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"众数是4，中位数是5","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"众数是5，中位数是4.5","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"众数是6，中位数是5.5","is_correct":0}]}]