习题练习

[{"id":331,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的身高数据时，制作了如下频数分布表：\n身高区间（cm） | 频数\n150～155 | 4\n155～160 | 7\n160～165 | 10\n165～170 | 6\n170～175 | 3\n请问这组数据的中位数最可能落在哪个身高区间？","answer":"C","explanation":"首先计算总人数：4 + 7 + 10 + 6 + 3 = 30人。中位数是第15和第16个数据的平均值。累计频数：150～155有4人，155～160累计11人，160～165累计21人。第15和第16个数据都落在160～165区间内，因此中位数最可能位于该区间。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:39:24","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"150～155","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"155～160","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"160～165","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"165～170","is_correct":0}]},{"id":2149,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在解一元一次方程时，将方程 3(x - 2) = 2x + 5 的括号展开后得到 3x - 6 = 2x + 5，接着移项合并同类项。该学生下一步的正确操作是什么？","answer":"B","explanation":"解一元一次方程时，移项要变号。原方程展开后为 3x - 6 = 2x + 5。将 2x 移到左边变为 -2x，将 -6 移到右边变为 +6，因此得到 3x - 2x = 5 + 6。选项B正确体现了移项变号的规则，符合七年级一元一次方程的解法要求。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 13:00:46","updated_at":"2026-01-09 13:00:46","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"将 2x 移到左边，-6 移到右边，得到 3x - 2x = 5 - 6","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"将 2x 移到左边，-6 移到右边，得到 3x - 2x = 5 + 6","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"将 3x 移到右边，5 移到左边，得到 -6 - 5 = 2x - 3x","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"两边同时除以 x，得到 3 - 6\/x = 2 + 5\/x","is_correct":0}]},{"id":543,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读时间数据时，记录了5名同学每周课外阅读的小时数分别为：3.5，4，2.5，5，4.5。如果他想用条形统计图来展示这些数据，那么纵轴表示阅读时间（小时），横轴表示学生编号。请问这5个数据中，最大数据与最小数据的差是多少？","answer":"B","explanation":"首先找出这组数据中的最大值和最小值。数据为：3.5，4，2.5，5，4.5。其中最大值是5，最小值是2.5。计算它们的差：5 - 2.5 = 2.5。因此，最大数据与最小数据的差是2.5小时，对应选项B。本题考查的是数据的收集与整理中对数据特征的理解，属于简单难度，符合七年级‘数据的收集、整理与描述’知识点要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 18:53:13","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"2","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"2.5","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"3","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"3.5","is_correct":0}]},{"id":977,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读时间时，将数据分为5组，每组组距为10分钟，其中一组的数据范围是30分钟到40分钟（不包括40分钟）。若该组中有一个数据为35.5分钟，则这个数据属于第____组。","answer":"4","explanation":"题目中说明数据被分为5组，每组组距为10分钟，且给出的数据范围是30分钟到40分钟（不包括40分钟），即[30, 40)。按照从小到大的顺序分组，第一组为[0,10)，第二组为[10,20)，第三组为[20,30)，第四组为[30,40)，第五组为[40,50)。35.5分钟落在[30,40)区间内，因此属于第4组。本题考查的是数据的收集、整理与描述中的分组知识，属于简单难度，符合七年级数学课程内容。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 04:18:27","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1680,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市计划在一条笔直的主干道旁建设一个矩形公园，公园的一边紧贴道路（无需围栏），其余三边需用围栏围起。已知可用于围栏的总长度为60米。为了便于管理，公园被划分为两个区域：一个正方形活动区和一个矩形绿化区，两者共用一条与道路垂直的隔栏。设正方形活动区的边长为x米，矩形绿化区的长为y米（与道路平行），宽与正方形相同。若要求整个公园的总面积最大，求此时正方形活动区的边长x和绿化区的长y各为多少米？并求出最大面积。","answer":"解：\n根据题意，公园紧贴道路的一边不需要围栏，其余三边加上中间的一条隔栏共需围栏。\n围栏总长度 = 正方形的一边（与道路垂直）+ 绿化区的一边（与道路垂直）+ 底边总长（与道路平行）+ 中间隔栏（与道路垂直）\n即：围栏长度 = x + y方向上的两条垂直边 + 底边总长 + 中间隔栏\n但注意：正方形和绿化区共用一条与道路垂直的隔栏，且它们的宽都是x（因为正方形边长为x，绿化区宽也为x）。\n因此，围栏包括：\n- 左侧垂直边：x 米\n- 右侧垂直边：x 米\n- 底边总长：x + y 米（正方形底边x，绿化区底边y）\n- 中间隔栏：x 米（将正方形与绿化区分开，垂直于道路）\n所以总围栏长度为：x + x + (x + y) + x = 4x + y\n已知总围栏长度为60米，因此有：\n4x + y = 60 → y = 60 - 4x （1）\n\n整个公园的总面积 S = 正方形面积 + 绿化区面积 = x² + x·y\n将（1）代入：\nS = x² + x(60 - 4x) = x² + 60x - 4x² = -3x² + 60x\n这是一个关于x的二次函数：S(x) = -3x² + 60x\n\n求最大值：二次函数开口向下，最大值在顶点处取得。\n顶点横坐标 x = -b\/(2a) = -60 \/ (2×(-3)) = 10\n代入（1）得：y = 60 - 4×10 = 20\n此时最大面积 S = -3×(10)² + 60×10 = -300 + 600 = 300（平方米）\n\n答：当正方形活动区的边长x为10米，绿化区的长y为20米时，公园总面积最大，最大面积为300平方米。","explanation":"本题综合考查了一元一次方程、整式的加减、二次函数的最值问题（通过配方法或顶点公式）以及实际问题的建模能力。解题关键在于正确分析围栏的组成，建立总长度方程，进而表示出总面积，并将其转化为二次函数求最大值。虽然七年级尚未系统学习二次函数，但可通过列举法或顶点公式初步理解最值问题，此处使用顶点公式是基于拓展思维的要求。题目情境新颖，结合了平面几何与代数建模，符合困难难度要求，且知识点覆盖整式、方程与函数初步思想。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 13:31:23","updated_at":"2026-01-06 13:31:23","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1921,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级组织了一次环保知识竞赛，共收集了120份有效问卷。在整理数据时，一名学生将各分数段人数绘制成扇形统计图。已知得分在80～100分的人数占总人数的35%，则该分数段对应的扇形圆心角的度数是多少？","answer":"B","explanation":"扇形统计图中，每个扇形的圆心角度数 = 该部分所占百分比 × 360°。题目中80～100分的人数占35%，因此对应的圆心角为：35% × 360° = 0.35 × 360° = 126°。故正确答案为B。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 13:14:46","updated_at":"2026-01-07 13:14:46","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"105°","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"126°","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"140°","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"150°","is_correct":0}]},{"id":855,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次环保知识问卷调查中，某班级共收集了60份有效问卷。其中，了解垃圾分类知识的学生占全班人数的75%，那么不了解垃圾分类知识的学生有____人。","answer":"15","explanation":"全班共有60人，了解垃圾分类知识的学生占75%，则不了解的学生占1 - 75% = 25%。计算25%的60人：60 × 25% = 60 × 0.25 = 15。因此，不了解垃圾分类知识的学生有15人。本题考查百分数在实际数据整理中的应用，属于‘数据的收集、整理与描述’知识点，难度简单，符合七年级学生认知水平。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 01:07:39","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1842,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"如图，在平面直角坐标系中，点 A(0, 0)、B(4, 0)、C(2, 2√3) 构成一个三角形。若将该三角形沿某条直线折叠后，点 A 恰好与点 C 重合，则这条折痕所在的直线方程是：","answer":"D","explanation":"本题考查轴对称与一次函数的综合应用。折痕是点 A 与点 C 的对称轴，即线段 AC 的垂直平分线。首先计算 AC 的中点坐标：A(0,0)，C(2, 2√3)，中点 M 为 ((0+2)\/2, (0+2√3)\/2) = (1, √3)。再求 AC 的斜率：k_AC = (2√3 - 0)\/(2 - 0) = √3。因此，折痕（垂直平分线）的斜率为其负倒数，即 -1\/√3 = -√3\/3。利用点斜式方程，过点 M(1, √3)，斜率为 -√3\/3，得：y - √3 = (-√3\/3)(x - 1)。化简得：y = (-√3\/3)x + √3\/3 + √3 = (-√3\/3)x + (4√3\/3)。因此正确选项为 D。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 16:52:54","updated_at":"2026-01-06 16:52:54","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"y = √3 x","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"y = -√3 x + 2√3","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"y = (√3 \/ 3)x + (4√3 \/ 3)","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"y = - (√3 \/ 3)x + (4√3 \/ 3)","is_correct":1}]},{"id":814,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在调查班级同学最喜欢的课外活动时，收集了以下数据：阅读、运动、绘画、音乐。他将这些数据整理成扇形统计图，其中表示‘运动’的扇形圆心角为108度。如果全班共有40名学生，那么喜欢‘运动’的学生人数是___人。","answer":"12","explanation":"扇形统计图中，每个部分的圆心角占整个圆（360度）的比例等于该部分数据占总数据的比例。‘运动’对应的圆心角是108度，因此喜欢运动的学生所占比例为108 ÷ 360 = 0.3。全班共有40名学生，所以喜欢运动的学生人数为40 × 0.3 = 12人。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 00:30:51","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":327,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在平面直角坐标系中描出点 A(2, 3) 和点 B(5, 7)，然后他计算了这两点之间的距离。请问他计算出的距离最接近下列哪个数值？","answer":"B","explanation":"根据平面直角坐标系中两点间距离公式：若两点坐标为 (x₁, y₁) 和 (x₂, y₂)，则距离为 √[(x₂ - x₁)² + (y₂ - y₁)²]。将点 A(2, 3) 和点 B(5, 7) 代入公式得：√[(5 - 2)² + (7 - 3)²] = √[3² + 4²] = √[9 + 16] = √25 = 5。因此，两点之间的距离为 5，最接近的选项是 B。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:38:53","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"4","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"5","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"6","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"7","is_correct":0}]}]