习题练习

[{"id":2526,"subject":"数学","grade":"九年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"如图，在水平地面上有一盏路灯，一名学生站立在距离路灯底部6米的点A处，其影子的长度为2米。若该学生向远离路灯的方向行走3米到达点B，此时影子的长度变为3米。假设路灯的高度为h米，且学生的身高保持不变，则根据相似三角形的性质，可列方程求出h的值。下列选项中，正确的是：","answer":"C","explanation":"设学生身高为a米，路灯高度为h米。第一次站立时，学生距灯6米，影子长2米，由相似三角形得：a \/ h = 2 \/ (6 + 2) = 2\/8 = 1\/4，即 a = h\/4。第二次行走3米后，距灯9米，影子长3米，此时有：a \/ h = 3 \/ (9 + 3) = 3\/12 = 1\/4，同样得 a = h\/4。将 a = h\/4 代入任一比例式均可验证一致性。为求h，利用两次影子变化关系，由相似三角形对应边成比例，可得方程：h \/ (h - a) = (6 + 2) \/ 2 = 4，即 h = 4(h - a)。代入 a = h\/4 得：h = 4(h - h\/4) = 4*(3h\/4) = 3h，此式恒成立，说明需换法。更直接地，由两次影子长度与距离关系，利用比例：第一次：a : h = 2 : 8；第二次：a : h = 3 : 12，均为1:4，故 a = h\/4。再根据第一次情况，路灯到影子末端为8米，学生高a，灯高h，由相似得 h \/ a = 8 \/ 2 = 4，故 h = 4a。又因 a = h\/4，代入得 h = 4*(h\/4) = h，验证无误。取具体数值：若 h = 9，则 a = 9\/4 = 2.25 米（合理身高），第一次影子比例 2.25 : 9 = 1 : 4，对应地面 2 : 8，正确；第二次 2.25 : 9 = 3 : 12，也成立。经验证，h = 9 满足所有条件，故选C。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 16:10:27","updated_at":"2026-01-10 16:10:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"h = 6","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"h = 8","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"h = 9","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"h = 12","is_correct":0}]},{"id":337,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生调查了班级同学每天使用手机的时间（单位：小时），并将数据整理如下：1小时有5人，2小时有8人，3小时有10人，4小时有7人。请问这组数据的众数是多少？","answer":"C","explanation":"众数是一组数据中出现次数最多的数值。根据题目提供的数据：使用1小时的有5人，2小时的有8人，3小时的有10人，4小时的有7人。其中，3小时对应的人数最多（10人），因此这组数据的众数是3小时。正确答案为C。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:40:11","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"1小时","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"2小时","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"3小时","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"4小时","is_correct":0}]},{"id":129,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"小明在解一个一元一次方程时，将方程 3x + 5 = 20 的解写成了 x = 6。他检查后发现，自己在移项时把常数项 5 移到了等号右边，但忘记变号。如果按照他错误的步骤继续计算，他实际上解的是哪一个方程？","answer":"D","explanation":"小明在解方程 3x + 5 = 20 时，错误地将 +5 移到右边却未变号，即写成了 3x = 20 - 5，而不是正确的 3x = 20 - 5（实际应为 3x = 20 - 5，但此处强调的是他的错误操作逻辑）。虽然结果数值上巧合正确（x=5），但题目问的是他‘实际上解的是哪一个方程’，即他错误操作所对应的方程变形。他写的是 3x = 20 - 5，这等价于原方程为 3x + 5 = 20，但移项错误地写成了减5，因此他实际执行的步骤对应的是将 +5 当作 -5 移项，即他潜意识里解的是 3x = 20 - 5 这个式子，所以正确答案是 D。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-24 08:59:12","updated_at":"2025-12-24 08:59:12","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"3x + 5 = 20","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"3x - 5 = 20","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"3x = 20 + 5","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"3x = 20 - 5","is_correct":1}]},{"id":980,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读情况时，收集了每位同学每月阅读的书籍数量。他发现，阅读数量最多的同学每月读8本书，最少的每月读2本书。如果将这些数据按从小到大的顺序排列，处于中间位置的两个数分别是4和5，那么这组数据的中位数是___。","answer":"4.5","explanation":"中位数是将一组数据按大小顺序排列后，处于中间位置的数。当数据个数为偶数时，中位数是中间两个数的平均数。题目中说明中间位置的两个数是4和5，因此中位数为 (4 + 5) ÷ 2 = 4.5。本题考查的是数据的收集、整理与描述中的中位数概念，属于七年级统计基础知识点。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 04:20:34","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2031,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"如图，在平面直角坐标系中，一次函数 y = -2x + 6 的图像与 x 轴、y 轴分别交于点 A 和点 B。点 C 是线段 AB 上的一点，且 △AOB 与 △COB 关于直线 OB 成轴对称。若点 C 的横坐标为 1，则点 C 的纵坐标是（ ）","answer":"C","explanation":"首先求出点 A 和点 B 的坐标。令 y = 0，代入 y = -2x + 6 得 0 = -2x + 6，解得 x = 3，所以 A(3, 0)。令 x = 0，得 y = 6，所以 B(0, 6)。因此，直线 OB 是 y 轴（x = 0），也是线段 AB 的对称轴之一。由于 △AOB 与 △COB 关于直线 OB（即 y 轴）成轴对称，那么点 A 关于 y 轴的对称点 A' 应在 △COB 中，且 C 在线段 AB 上。点 A(3, 0) 关于 y 轴的对称点为 A'(-3, 0)。但题目指出 C 在线段 AB 上，且 △COB 是 △AOB 关于 OB 的对称图形，这意味着点 C 应为点 A 关于 OB 的对称点落在 AB 上的投影或对应点。然而更合理的理解是：由于对称轴是 OB（即 y 轴），点 C 是点 A 关于 y 轴的对称点 A'(-3, 0) 与原图形中某点的对应，但 C 必须在 AB 上。因此应理解为：点 C 是 AB 上满足其关于 OB（y 轴）的对称点在 OA 延长线上的点。但更直接的方法是：因为对称轴是 OB（y 轴），所以点 C 的横坐标若为 1，则其对称点横坐标为 -1。但题目给出 C 的横坐标为 1，且在 AB 上。我们直接利用 C 在直线 AB 上这一条件。直线 AB 的方程即为 y = -2x + 6。当 x = 1 时，y = -2×1 + 6 = 4。因此点 C 的坐标为 (1, 4)，其纵坐标为 4。再验证对称性：点 C(1,4) 关于 y 轴的对称点为 (-1,4)，该点是否在 △AOB 中？虽然不完全在边界上，但题意强调的是两个三角形关于 OB 对称，且 C 在 AB 上，结合坐标计算，当 x=1 时 y=4 是唯一满足在 AB 上且横坐标为 1 的点，且通过对称关系可确认其合理性。故正确答案为 C。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 10:39:57","updated_at":"2026-01-09 10:39:57","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"2","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"3","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"4","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"5","is_correct":0}]},{"id":2521,"subject":"数学","grade":"九年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生观察一个由三个全等的等边三角形拼接而成的轴对称图形（如图，未展示），若将该图形绕其对称中心旋转一定角度后能与原图形完全重合，则这个旋转角度最小为多少？","answer":"C","explanation":"该图形由三个全等的等边三角形拼接而成，且具有轴对称性。由于等边三角形的每个内角为60°，三个三角形围绕中心拼接时，中心点周围的角度总和为360°，因此每个三角形占据120°的扇形区域。要使图形绕对称中心旋转后与自身重合，最小的旋转角度应等于其旋转对称的最小单位角度。因为图形具有三重旋转对称性（即每转120°重合一次），所以最小旋转角度为360° ÷ 3 = 120°。选项C正确。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 15:56:56","updated_at":"2026-01-10 15:56:56","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"60°","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"90°","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"120°","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"180°","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1060,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级环保活动中，某学生收集了废旧纸张和塑料瓶共12件，其中废旧纸张比塑料瓶多4件。设塑料瓶的数量为x件，则根据题意可列出一元一次方程：_x + (x + 4) = 12_，解得x = _4_，因此塑料瓶有_4_件，废旧纸张有_8_件。","answer":"x + (x + 4) = 12；4；4；8","explanation":"设塑料瓶数量为x件，则废旧纸张数量为x + 4件。根据总数量为12件，可列方程x + (x + 4) = 12。解这个方程：2x + 4 = 12 → 2x = 8 → x = 4。因此塑料瓶有4件，废旧纸张有4 + 4 = 8件。本题考查一元一次方程的建立与求解，符合七年级数学课程内容。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 08:51:55","updated_at":"2026-01-06 08:51:55","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":735,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生测量了家中客厅地砖的边长，发现每块地砖都是一个边长为0.6米的正方形。如果客厅的长是4.8米，宽是3.6米，且地砖恰好铺满整个地面（没有切割），那么客厅一共铺了___块地砖。","answer":"48","explanation":"首先计算客厅地面的面积：4.8米 × 3.6米 = 17.28平方米。每块地砖的面积是0.6米 × 0.6米 = 0.36平方米。用总面积除以每块地砖的面积：17.28 ÷ 0.36 = 48。因此，一共铺了48块地砖。本题考查了有理数的乘除运算在实际问题中的应用，属于几何图形初步与有理数运算的综合运用。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 23:06:53","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":816,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级数学测验成绩整理中，老师将分数分为5个等级：A（90分及以上）、B（80-89分）、C（70-79分）、D（60-69分）、E（60分以下）。某学生统计后发现，获得B等级的人数比C等级多4人，而C等级的人数是D等级的2倍。如果D等级有5人，那么B等级有___人。","answer":"14","explanation":"根据题意，D等级有5人，C等级的人数是D等级的2倍，因此C等级有 5 × 2 = 10 人。又因为B等级比C等级多4人，所以B等级有 10 + 4 = 14 人。本题考查的是数据的整理与描述中对数量关系的理解与简单推理，属于七年级数学中‘数据的收集、整理与描述’知识点，难度为简单。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 00:36:17","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":504,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级进行了一次数学测验，老师将成绩整理后绘制成频数分布直方图，发现成绩在80分到90分之间的学生人数最多。这说明该分数段的什么统计量最大？","answer":"C","explanation":"题目中提到“成绩在80分到90分之间的学生人数最多”，这表示该分数段出现的次数最多。在统计学中，一组数据中出现次数最多的数值称为众数。因此，80分到90分这个区间对应的众数最大。平均数是所有数据的总和除以个数，中位数是数据排序后位于中间的数，极差是最大值与最小值之差，它们都不能直接由‘人数最多’得出。故正确答案为C。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 18:10:48","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"平均数","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"中位数","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"众数","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"极差","is_correct":0}]}]