习题练习

[{"id":1282,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某校七年级组织学生参加数学实践活动，调查校园内不同区域的植物种类分布情况。调查结果显示，校园被划分为A、B、C三个区域，每个区域的植物种类数量满足以下条件：A区域的植物种类比B区域多2种；C区域的植物种类是A区域与B区域种类数之和的一半；三个区域植物种类总数为18种。若将A区域的植物种类数设为x，B区域为y，C区域为z，请建立方程组并求解各区域的植物种类数。此外，若学校计划在植物种类最少的区域增加种植，使得该区域种类数增加后，三个区域植物种类数的平均数变为7种，求该区域需要增加多少种植物？","answer":"设A区域的植物种类数为x，B区域为y，C区域为z。\n\n根据题意，列出以下三个方程：\n\n1. A区域比B区域多2种：x = y + 2\n2. C区域是A与B之和的一半：z = (x + y) \/ 2\n3. 三个区域总数为18种：x + y + z = 18\n\n将第1个方程代入第2个方程：\nz = ((y + 2) + y) \/ 2 = (2y + 2) \/ 2 = y + 1\n\n再将x = y + 2 和 z = y + 1 代入第3个方程：\n(y + 2) + y + (y + 1) = 18\n3y + 3 = 18\n3y = 15\ny = 5\n\n代入得：x = 5 + 2 = 7，z = 5 + 1 = 6\n\n所以，A区域有7种，B区域有5种，C区域有6种。\n\n植物种类最少的是B区域（5种）。\n\n设B区域增加k种植物后，三个区域总数为：7 + (5 + k) + 6 = 18 + k\n\n此时平均数为7，即：(18 + k) \/ 3 = 7\n18 + k = 21\nk = 3\n\n答：A区域有7种植物，B区域有5种，C区域有6种；B区域需要增加3种植物，才能使平均数变为7种。","explanation":"本题综合考查二元一次方程组和一元一次方程的应用，结合数据的收集与整理背景，贴近实际生活。首先根据文字描述建立三元一次方程组，通过代入法逐步消元，转化为一元一次方程求解。解题关键在于准确理解‘C区域是A与B之和的一半’这一条件，并将其转化为代数表达式。求得各区域种类数后，进一步分析最小值，并利用平均数的概念建立新方程求解增加量。整个过程涉及方程建模、代数运算和逻辑推理，符合七年级学生对二元一次方程组和数据分析的学习要求，难度较高。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 10:40:35","updated_at":"2026-01-06 10:40:35","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":9,"subject":"化学","grade":"初三","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"电解水的化学方程式为______，反应类型为______反应。","answer":"2H₂O → 2H₂↑ + O₂↑, 分解","explanation":"电解水生成氢气和氧气，是一种分解反应。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"中等","points":2,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-08-29 16:33:04","updated_at":"2025-08-29 16:33:04","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1226,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某学生在研究一个由多个正方形拼接而成的图形时，发现该图形的周长与所用正方形的个数之间存在某种规律。已知每个正方形的边长为1个单位长度。当使用n个正方形拼接时（要求拼接时正方形之间至少有一条边完全重合，且整体形成一个连通图形），该学生记录了前几组数据如下：\n\n| 正方形个数 n | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |\n|---------------|---|---|---|---|---|\n| 最小可能周长 P | 4 | 6 | 8 | 10 | 12 |\n\n该学生猜想：当n ≥ 1时，最小可能周长P与n满足关系式 P = 2n + 2。\n\n(1) 验证当n = 6时，该猜想是否成立，并说明理由；\n(2) 若该学生用100个这样的正方形拼接成一个尽可能紧凑的矩形（即长和宽最接近），求此时图形的实际周长，并判断是否满足上述猜想；\n(3) 若要求拼接后的图形必须是一个完整的矩形（不允许有空洞或凸起），试建立周长P与正方形个数n之间的函数关系，并求当n = 2025时，所有可能矩形中周长的最小值。","answer":"(1) 当n = 6时，若要使周长最小，应尽可能让正方形紧密排列，减少外露边数。将6个正方形排成2行3列的矩形，其长为3，宽为2，周长为 2×(3+2) = 10。而根据猜想 P = 2×6 + 2 = 14，显然10 < 14，因此猜想不成立。\n\n(2) 用100个正方形拼成尽可能紧凑的矩形，即找两个最接近的因数a和b，使得a×b = 100。最接近的是10×10，即正方形。此时周长为 2×(10+10) = 40。而根据原猜想 P = 2×100 + 2 = 202，远大于40，因此不满足该猜想。\n\n(3) 若图形必须是完整矩形，设长为a，宽为b，且a、b为正整数，a ≤ b，a×b = n。则周长 P = 2(a + b)。要使P最小，应使a和b尽可能接近，即a取不超过√n的最大因数。\n当n = 2025时，√2025 = 45，且45×45 = 2025，因此可拼成边长为45的正方形，此时周长最小为 2×(45+45) = 180。\n故当n = 2025时，所有可能矩形中周长的最小值为180。","explanation":"本题综合考查了几何图形初步、整式的加减、不等式与不等式组以及数据的收集、整理与描述等知识点。第(1)问通过构造具体图形验证猜想，体现数学建模与反例思想；第(2)问引入最优化思想，结合因数分解求最小周长，考查实际问题转化为数学问题的能力；第(3)问建立函数关系并求极值，涉及因数配对与不等式比较，要求学生理解周长与长宽关系，并能通过分析√n附近的因数确定最优解。题目情境新颖，打破传统计算模式，强调逻辑推理与实际应用，符合困难难度要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 10:25:47","updated_at":"2026-01-06 10:25:47","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1045,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级图书角统计中，某学生整理了上周同学们借阅的图书数量：语文类12本，数学类8本，英语类10本，科学类6本。如果将这些数据用扇形统计图表示，那么表示数学类图书的扇形圆心角的度数是___度。","answer":"80","explanation":"首先计算图书总数：12 + 8 + 10 + 6 = 36（本）。数学类图书占总数的比例为 8 ÷ 36 = 2\/9。扇形统计图中整个圆为360度，因此数学类对应的圆心角为 360 × (2\/9) = 80（度）。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 06:23:36","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":591,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"6件","answer":"待完善","explanation":"解析待完善","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 20:29:46","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":137,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某商店购进一批文具，每支笔的进价是2元，售价是3元。如果商店卖出120支笔，那么一共盈利多少元？","answer":"120元","explanation":"本题考查有理数运算在实际问题中的应用，属于初一数学中‘有理数的加减乘除’与‘简单方程思想’的基础应用。题目通过生活情境引入盈利计算，要求学生理解‘盈利 = 售价 - 进价’这一基本数量关系，并能进行简单的乘法运算。题目难度为简单，符合初一学生刚接触有理数运算和实际问题建模的认知水平。","solution_steps":"Array","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-24 09:40:59","updated_at":"2025-12-24 09:40:59","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":426,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读时间数据时，记录了5名同学一周内每天阅读的分钟数：20、25、30、35、40。为了分析阅读习惯，该学生计算了这组数据的平均数，并发现如果将每位同学的阅读时间都增加相同的分钟数，新的平均数比原来多6分钟。那么每位同学的阅读时间增加了多少分钟？","answer":"B","explanation":"首先计算原始数据的平均数：(20 + 25 + 30 + 35 + 40) ÷ 5 = 150 ÷ 5 = 30（分钟）。设每位同学的阅读时间都增加了x分钟，则新的数据为(20+x)、(25+x)、(30+x)、(35+x)、(40+x)，新的平均数为：(20+x + 25+x + 30+x + 35+x + 40+x) ÷ 5 = (150 + 5x) ÷ 5 = 30 + x。根据题意，新的平均数比原来多6分钟，即：30 + x = 30 + 6，解得x = 6。因此每位同学的阅读时间增加了6分钟，正确答案是B。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 17:34:04","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"5","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"6","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"7","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"8","is_correct":0}]},{"id":330,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生记录了连续5天每天完成数学作业所用的时间（单位：分钟），分别为：35、40、30、45、40。这5天完成作业的平均时间是多少分钟？","answer":"B","explanation":"要计算平均时间，需将5天的作业时间相加，再除以天数5。计算过程如下：35 + 40 + 30 + 45 + 40 = 190（分钟），然后 190 ÷ 5 = 38（分钟）。因此，这5天完成作业的平均时间是38分钟。本题考查的是数据的收集、整理与描述中的平均数计算，属于七年级数学课程内容，难度为简单。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:39:15","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"36","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"38","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"40","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"42","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1878,"subject":"语文","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的数学测验成绩时，制作了如下频数分布表：\n\n| 成绩区间（分） | 频数（人） |\n|----------------|-----------|\n| 60 ≤ x < 70 | 4 |\n| 70 ≤ x < 80 | 8 |\n| 80 ≤ x < 90 | 12 |\n| 90 ≤ x ≤ 100 | 6 |\n\n已知全班平均成绩为81分，若将每位学生的成绩都加上5分后重新计算平均分，并绘制新的频数分布直方图，则下列说法正确的是：\n\nA. 新数据的平均数为86分，各组频数保持不变，但组中值整体增加5\nB. 新数据的平均数为86分，各组频数按比例增加，组距变为原来的1.05倍\nC. 新数据的平均数仍为81分，因为数据分布形状未变，仅位置平移\nD. 新数据的平均数为86分，但90 ≤ x ≤ 100这一组的频数会减少，因为部分学生超过100分","answer":"A","explanation":"本题考查数据的收集、整理与描述中对数据变换的理解。当所有原始数据统一加上一个常数（此处为5）时，平均数也会相应增加该常数，因此新平均数为81 + 5 = 86分。频数反映的是落在各区间内的人数，由于每个数据点都加5，原属于某一区间的数据整体平移到更高区间，但人数不变，故各组频数保持不变。例如，原60≤x<70区间变为65≤x<75，依此类推。组中值（如65、75、85、95）也相应增加5。选项B错误，因为频数不按比例变化；C错误，平均数会变；D错误，虽然理论上成绩可能超过100，但题目未说明有上限限制，且即使超过，也只是进入新区间，不会导致原组频数‘减少’，而是重新归类。因此，A最准确描述了数据变换后的统计特征。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 09:54:35","updated_at":"2026-01-07 09:54:35","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"新数据的平均数为86分，各组频数保持不变，但组中值整体增加5","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"新数据的平均数为86分，各组频数按比例增加，组距变为原来的1.05倍","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"新数据的平均数仍为81分，因为数据分布形状未变，仅位置平移","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"新数据的平均数为86分，但90 ≤ x ≤ 100这一组的频数会减少，因为部分学生超过100分","is_correct":0}]},{"id":313,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级为了了解学生最喜欢的课外活动，随机抽取了50名学生进行调查，并将数据整理成如下统计表。已知喜欢阅读的学生人数是喜欢绘画的2倍，且喜欢运动的人数比喜欢绘画的多10人。如果喜欢音乐的学生有8人，那么喜欢绘画的学生有多少人？","answer":"B","explanation":"设喜欢绘画的学生人数为x人。根据题意，喜欢阅读的人数是2x人，喜欢运动的人数是x + 10人，喜欢音乐的有8人。总人数为50人，因此可以列出方程：x（绘画） + 2x（阅读） + (x + 10)（运动） + 8（音乐） = 50。合并同类项得：4x + 18 = 50。解这个一元一次方程：4x = 32，x = 8。所以喜欢绘画的学生有8人。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:36:07","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"6人","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"8人","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"10人","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"12人","is_correct":0}]}]