习题练习

[{"id":1869,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市为优化公交线路，对一条主干道的车流量进行了连续7天的观测，记录每天上午8:00至9:00的车辆通行数量（单位：辆），数据如下：312，298，305，310，307，299，304。交通部门计划根据这组数据预测未来某周的车流量，并设定一个合理的通行能力标准。已知该道路的设计通行能力为每天平均车流量的1.2倍，且要求实际车流量不超过设计通行能力的90%才算安全运行。若未来某周的车流量服从本次观测的平均水平，请通过计算判断该道路在未来是否满足安全运行要求。若不能满足，则至少需要将设计通行能力提升到当前观测平均车流量的多少倍（精确到0.01）才能满足安全要求？","answer":"解：\n\n第一步：计算7天观测数据的平均车流量。\n\n平均车流量 = (312 + 298 + 305 + 310 + 307 + 299 + 304) ÷ 7\n= (2135) ÷ 7\n= 305（辆）\n\n第二步：计算当前设计通行能力。\n\n设计通行能力 = 平均车流量 × 1.2 = 305 × 1.2 = 366（辆）\n\n第三步：计算安全运行上限（即设计通行能力的90%）。\n\n安全上限 = 366 × 90% = 366 × 0.9 = 329.4（辆）\n\n第四步：比较实际平均车流量与安全上限。\n\n实际平均车流量为305辆，小于329.4辆，因此当前道路满足安全运行要求。\n\n但题目要求判断“若不能满足”的情况下的处理方式，因此需进一步分析假设情形。\n\n然而根据计算，305 < 329.4，满足安全要求，故当前无需提升。\n\n但为完整解答问题，假设未来车流量上升至等于安全上限临界值，我们反向求解所需的设计通行能力倍数。\n\n设所需设计通行能力为平均车流量的k倍，则：\n\n安全上限 = k × 305 × 0.9 ≥ 305（因实际车流量为305）\n\n即：k × 305 × 0.9 ≥ 3...","explanation":"本题综合考查数据的收集与整理（计算平均数）、有理数运算、一元一次不等式的应用。解题关键在于理解‘安全运行’的定义：实际车流量 ≤ 设计通行能力 × 90%。先通过平均数反映典型车流量，再建立不等式模型求解最小安全倍数。难点在于将实际问题转化为数学不等式，并理解倍数关系的逻辑链条。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 09:41:09","updated_at":"2026-01-07 09:41:09","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":554,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级组织了一次环保知识竞赛，共收集了200份有效答卷。为了分析成绩分布情况，老师将成绩分为五个等级：优秀、良好、中等、及格、不及格，并制作了扇形统计图。已知表示‘良好’等级的扇形圆心角为108度，那么获得‘良好’等级的学生人数是多少？","answer":"B","explanation":"在扇形统计图中，各部分所占的百分比等于该部分对应的圆心角度数除以360度。‘良好’等级的圆心角为108度，因此其所占比例为108 ÷ 360 = 0.3，即30%。总人数为200人，所以获得‘良好’等级的学生人数为200 × 30% = 60人。因此正确答案是B。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 19:15:03","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"50人","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"60人","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"72人","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"80人","is_correct":0}]},{"id":628,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某次环保活动中，某班学生收集废旧纸张和塑料瓶进行回收。已知每3千克废旧纸张和每2千克塑料瓶可兑换15元环保基金。如果该班共收集了9千克废旧纸张和6千克塑料瓶，那么他们可以兑换多少元环保基金？","answer":"B","explanation":"根据题意，每3千克废旧纸张和2千克塑料瓶可兑换15元。观察所收集的数量：9千克废旧纸张是3千克的3倍，6千克塑料瓶是2千克的3倍，说明收集的总量正好是基本兑换单位的3倍。因此，兑换金额为15元 × 3 = 45元。本题考查学生对比例关系的理解与简单整数倍的应用，属于有理数在实际问题中的简单运用。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 21:54:40","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"30元","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"45元","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"60元","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"75元","is_correct":0}]},{"id":518,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生调查了班级同学每天使用手机的时间（单位：小时），并将数据整理如下表。根据表中信息，这组数据的众数是多少？\n\n| 使用时间（小时） | 人数 |\n|------------------|------|\n| 0.5 | 3 |\n| 1 | 5 |\n| 1.5 | 7 |\n| 2 | 4 |\n| 2.5 | 1 |","answer":"C","explanation":"众数是指一组数据中出现次数最多的数值。从表格中可以看出，使用时间为0.5小时的有3人，1小时的有5人，1.5小时的有7人，2小时的有4人，2.5小时的有1人。其中，1.5小时对应的人数最多（7人），因此这组数据的众数是1.5。本题考查的是数据的收集、整理与描述中的众数概念，属于七年级数学课程内容，难度为简单。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 18:20:44","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"0.5","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"1","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"1.5","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"2","is_correct":0}]},{"id":434,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"12人","answer":"待完善","explanation":"解析待完善","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 17:37:48","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":490,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级同学的课外阅读情况时，绘制了如下条形统计图（描述性文字替代图像）：横轴表示阅读书籍数量（单位：本），纵轴表示对应人数。图中显示：阅读0本的有2人，1本的有5人，2本的有8人，3本的有4人，4本的有1人。请问这组数据的众数是多少？","answer":"C","explanation":"众数是指一组数据中出现次数最多的数值。根据题目描述，阅读0本的有2人，1本的有5人，2本的有8人，3本的有4人，4本的有1人。其中，阅读2本的人数最多，为8人，因此这组数据的众数是2。选项C正确。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 18:03:49","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"0","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"1","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"2","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"3","is_correct":0}]},{"id":745,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"在一次班级大扫除中，某学生负责统计各小组打扫教室所用时间。第一组用了 0.75 小时，第二组用了 45 分钟，第三组用了 3\/4 小时。将三个小组所用时间统一换算成分钟，并按从小到大的顺序排列，排在中间的时间是____分钟。","answer":"45","explanation":"首先将各组时间统一换算为分钟：第一组 0.75 小时 = 0.75 × 60 = 45 分钟；第二组已经是 45 分钟；第三组 3\/4 小时 = 3\/4 × 60 = 45 分钟。三组时间均为 45 分钟，按从小到大排列后，中间的值仍然是 45 分钟。本题考查有理数与时间单位换算，以及数据的整理与排序，属于简单难度。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 23:16:04","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1959,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在研究校园内不同区域的温度变化时，记录了某一天中五个时间点的气温数据（单位：℃）：-2.5, 3.1, 0.8, -1.2, 4.6。为了分析当天的气温波动情况，该学生计算了这组数据的极差。请问这组气温数据的极差是多少？","answer":"C","explanation":"本题考查数据的收集、整理与描述中极差的概念与计算。极差是一组数据中最大值与最小值之差。首先找出这组气温数据中的最大值和最小值：数据为 -2.5, 3.1, 0.8, -1.2, 4.6，其中最大值为 4.6，最小值为 -2.5。计算极差：4.6 - (-2.5) = 4.6 + 2.5 = 7.1。因此，正确答案为 C。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 14:47:16","updated_at":"2026-01-07 14:47:16","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"5.8","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"6.1","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"7.1","is_correct":1},{"id":"D","content":"6.8","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1807,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在整理班级数学测验成绩时，发现前5名学生的分数分别为82、88、90、88、92。这组数据的众数和中位数分别是多少？","answer":"A","explanation":"首先将数据从小到大排列：82、88、88、90、92。众数是出现次数最多的数，88出现了两次，其他数各出现一次，因此众数是88。中位数是数据按顺序排列后位于中间的数，共有5个数据，中间位置是第3个数，即88。因此中位数也是88。正确答案是A。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 16:17:51","updated_at":"2026-01-06 16:17:51","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"众数是88，中位数是88","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"众数是90，中位数是88","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"众数是88，中位数是90","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"众数是92，中位数是90","is_correct":0}]},{"id":634,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"13道","answer":"待完善","explanation":"解析待完善","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 21:58:04","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]}]