习题练习

[{"id":2168,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某学生在数轴上标出三个有理数 a、b、c，已知 a < b < c，且 |a| = |c|，b 是 a 与 c 的算术平均数。若 a + c = -8，则下列说法正确的是：","answer":"B","explanation":"由已知 a + c = -8，且 b 是 a 与 c 的算术平均数，得 b = (a + c) \/ 2 = -8 \/ 2 = -4，因此选项 B 正确。又因为 |a| = |c|，说明 a 和 c 到原点的距离相等，但 a + c = -8 ≠ 0，所以 a 和 c 不互为相反数（相反数之和为 0），排除 A。由于 |a| = |c|，C 错误。a 与 c 不相等（因 a < b < c），距离不可能为 0，D 错误。本题综合考查有理数在数轴上的表示、绝对值、相反数及平均数概念，需多步推理，符合七年级困难题要求。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-09 13:53:54","updated_at":"2026-01-09 13:53:54","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"a 和 c 互为相反数","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"b 的值为 -4","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"c 的绝对值小于 a 的绝对值","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"a 与 c 之间的距离为 0","is_correct":0}]},{"id":348,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级在一次数学测验中，第一小组的5名学生成绩分别为：82分、76分、90分、88分、84分。老师要求计算这组成绩的平均分，并判断以下哪个选项最接近实际平均分？","answer":"B","explanation":"要计算平均分，需将5名学生的成绩相加后除以人数。计算过程如下：82 + 76 + 90 + 88 + 84 = 420（分），然后 420 ÷ 5 = 84（分）。因此，这组成绩的平均分是84分，选项B正确。本题考查的是数据的收集、整理与描述中的平均数计算，属于七年级数学课程内容，难度为简单。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:41:31","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"82分","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"84分","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"86分","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"88分","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1024,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生测量了教室中5个矩形课桌的长和宽（单位：厘米），记录如下表。他发现所有课桌的面积都相同，且长比宽多40厘米。若其中一张课桌的宽为____厘米，则其长为80厘米。","answer":"40","explanation":"设课桌的宽为x厘米，则长为(x + 40)厘米。根据题意，面积为长乘以宽，即x(x + 40)。已知长为80厘米，因此有x + 40 = 80，解得x = 40。所以宽为40厘米。此题考查一元一次方程的实际应用，结合几何图形初步中的矩形面积知识，通过建立简单方程求解未知量。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 05:42:01","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2471,"subject":"数学","grade":"八年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"如图，在平面直角坐标系中，点A(0, 4)，点B(6, 0)，点C是线段AB上一点，且AC : CB = 1 : 2。将△AOB沿直线y = x折叠，使点A落在点A′处，点B落在点B′处。连接A′B′，与x轴交于点D，与y轴交于点E。已知一次函数y = kx + b的图像经过点D和点E。\\n\\n(1) 求点C的坐标；\\n(2) 求点A′和点B′的坐标；\\n(3) 求直线A′B′的解析式，并求出点D和点E的坐标；\\n(4) 若点P是线段A′B′上的动点，点Q是y轴上的点，且△OPQ是以O为直角顶点的等腰直角三角形，求点Q的坐标；\\n(5) 在(4)的条件下，求所有满足条件的点Q的横坐标之和。","answer":"待完善","explanation":"解析待完善","solution_steps":"待完善","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"中等","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 14:40:42","updated_at":"2026-01-10 14:40:42","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":2483,"subject":"数学","grade":"九年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"一个圆形花坛被均匀划分为6个扇形区域，分别种植不同颜色的花。若将整个花坛绕其中心顺时针旋转60°，则每个扇形区域会与原来相邻的下一个区域重合。现在随机选择一个点落在花坛上，该点落在红色区域的概率是1\/6。若花坛旋转两次（每次60°），则该点最终落在红色区域的概率是多少？","answer":"A","explanation":"由于花坛被均匀分为6个扇形，每个区域占1\/6的面积，且旋转是绕中心进行的刚体变换，不改变区域的面积和分布。每次顺时针旋转60°，相当于将整个图案向右移动一个扇形位置。旋转两次共120°，即移动两个位置，但整个图案的结构保持不变，每个颜色区域仍然占据1\/6的面积。因此，无论旋转多少次（只要旋转角度是60°的整数倍），每个颜色区域在整体中所占比例不变。所以，随机点落在红色区域的概率始终是1\/6。本题考查的是旋转对称性与概率初步的结合，强调几何变换不改变面积比例这一核心思想。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-10 15:10:16","updated_at":"2026-01-10 15:10:16","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"1\/6","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"1\/3","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"1\/2","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"选项D","is_correct":0}]},{"id":836,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"某学生测量了学校花坛中5种不同花卉的开花天数，记录如下：12天、15天、18天、14天、16天。这组数据的平均数是____天。","answer":"15","explanation":"平均数的计算方法是所有数据之和除以数据的个数。将5个数据相加：12 + 15 + 18 + 14 + 16 = 75，然后除以5，得到75 ÷ 5 = 15。因此，这组数据的平均数是15天。本题考查的是数据的收集、整理与描述中的平均数计算，属于七年级数学课程内容，难度为简单。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 00:53:31","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":557,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"在一次环保活动中，某学校七年级学生收集了可回收垃圾的重量数据如下：塑料瓶 2.5 千克，废纸 3.8 千克，金属罐 1.2 千克，玻璃瓶 4.1 千克。请问这些可回收垃圾的总重量是多少千克？","answer":"B","explanation":"本题考查的是有理数的加法运算，属于数据的收集与整理范畴。题目给出了四种可回收垃圾的重量：塑料瓶 2.5 千克，废纸 3.8 千克，金属罐 1.2 千克，玻璃瓶 4.1 千克。要求总重量，只需将这些小数相加：2.5 + 3.8 = 6.3；6.3 + 1.2 = 7.5；7.5 + 4.1 = 11.6。因此，总重量为 11.6 千克，正确答案是 B。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 19:21:34","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"10.6 千克","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"11.6 千克","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"12.6 千克","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"13.6 千克","is_correct":0}]},{"id":318,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"某学生调查了班级同学每天用于完成数学作业的时间（单位：分钟），并将数据整理如下：30，35，40，40，45，50，55。这组数据的中位数是","answer":"B","explanation":"要找出这组数据的中位数，首先确认数据已经按从小到大的顺序排列：30，35，40，40，45，50，55。共有7个数据，是奇数个。中位数就是位于中间位置的数，即第(7+1)\/2 = 第4个数。第4个数是40，因此中位数是40。选项B正确。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:37:10","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"35","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"40","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"42.5","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"45","is_correct":0}]},{"id":1699,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市地铁系统在某一周内每日客流量（单位：万人次）记录如下：周一为 a，周二比周一多 2，周三比周二少 1，周四是周三的 2 倍，周五比周四少 3，周六是周五的一半，周日比周六多 1。已知这一周的平均每日客流量为 8 万人次，且该周总客流量为整数。若 a 为有理数，求 a 的值，并验证该周每日客流量是否均为正数。","answer":"设周一客流量为 a 万人次。\n\n根据题意，逐日表示客流量：\n- 周一：a\n- 周二：a + 2\n- 周三：(a + 2) - 1 = a + 1\n- 周四：2 × (a + 1) = 2a + 2\n- 周五：(2a + 2) - 3 = 2a - 1\n- 周六：(2a - 1) ÷ 2 = a - 0.5\n- 周日：(a - 0.5) + 1 = a + 0.5\n\n一周总客流量为七天之和：\na + (a + 2) + (a + 1) + (2a + 2) + (2a - 1) + (a - 0.5) + (a + 0.5)\n\n合并同类项：\n= a + a + 2 + a + 1 + 2a + 2 + 2a - 1 + a - 0.5 + a + 0.5\n= (a + a + a + 2a + 2a + a + a) + (2 + 1 + 2 - 1 - 0.5 + 0.5)\n= 9a + 4\n\n已知平均每日客流量为 8 万人次，则总客流量为：\n7 × 8 = 56（万人次）\n\n列方程：\n9a + 4 = 56\n\n解方程：\n9a = 56 - 4 = 52\na = 52 ÷ 9 = 52\/9\n\n所以 a = 52\/9\n\n验证每日客流量是否为正数：\n- 周一：52\/9 ≈ 5.78 > 0\n- 周二：52\/9 + 2 = 52\/9 + 18\/9 = 70\/9 ≈ 7.78 > 0\n- 周三：52\/9 + 1 = 52\/9 + 9\/9 = 61\/9 ≈ 6.78 > 0\n- 周四：2 × 61\/9 = 122\/9 ≈ 13.56 > 0\n- 周五：2 × 52\/9 - 1 = 104\/9 - 9\/9 = 95\/9 ≈ 10.56 > 0\n- 周六：95\/9 ÷ 2 = 95\/18 ≈ 5.28 > 0\n- 周日：95\/18 + 1 = 95\/18 + 18\/18 = 113\/18 ≈ 6.28 > 0\n\n所有日客流量均为正数，符合实际意义。\n\n因此，a 的值为 52\/9。","explanation":"本题综合考查有理数运算、整式加减、一元一次方程的建立与求解，以及数据的整理与合理性分析。解题关键在于根据文字描述准确列出每日客流量的代数表达式，利用平均数求出总客流量，建立方程求解未知数 a。同时需注意 a 为有理数，且结果需符合实际情境（客流量为正数）。通过分步推导和验证，确保答案的科学性和合理性。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 13:41:29","updated_at":"2026-01-06 13:41:29","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1859,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市地铁线路规划图中，两条平行轨道AB和CD被一条斜向联络线EF所截，形成多个角。已知∠1与∠2是同旁内角，且∠1的度数是∠2的2倍少30°。同时，在平面直角坐标系中，点A的坐标为(2, 3)，点B在x轴正方向上，且AB的长度为5个单位。若将线段AB向右平移3个单位，再向下平移2个单位得到线段A'B'，求：(1) ∠1和∠2的度数；(2) 点A'的坐标；(3) 若点C是线段A'B'的中点，求点C的坐标。","answer":"(1) 设∠2的度数为x°，则∠1 = (2x - 30)°。\n因为AB∥CD，EF为截线，∠1与∠2是同旁内角，所以∠1 + ∠2 = 180°。\n列方程：(2x - 30) + x = 180\n3x - 30 = 180\n3x = 210\nx = 70\n所以∠2 = 70°，∠1 = 2×70 - 30 = 110°。\n\n(2) 点A(2, 3)向右平移3个单位，横坐标加3，得(5, 3)；再向下平移2个单位，纵坐标减2，得(5, 1)。\n所以点A'的坐标为(5, 1)。\n\n(3) 点B在x轴正方向上，且AB = 5，A(2, 3)，设B(x, 0)，由距离公式：\n√[(x - 2)² + (0 - 3)²] = 5\n(x - 2)² + 9 = 25\n(x - 2)² = 16\nx - 2 = ±4\nx = 6 或 x = -2\n因为B在x轴正方向上，且从A向右延伸更合理（结合平移方向），取x = 6，即B(6, 0)。\n将B(6, 0)同样平移：向右3单位得(9, 0)，向下2单位得(9, -2)，即B'(9, -2)。\n点C是A'B'的中点，A'(5, 1)，B'(9,...","explanation":"本题综合考查平行线性质、一元一次方程、平面直角坐标系中的平移与坐标计算、中点公式。第(1)问利用同旁内角互补建立方程求解角度；第(2)问考查图形平移对坐标的影响；第(3)问需先通过距离公式确定点B坐标，再经平移得B'，最后用中点公式求C。关键步骤是正确理解几何关系与坐标变换规则，并准确进行代数运算。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 09:39:21","updated_at":"2026-01-07 09:39:21","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]}]