习题练习

[{"id":779,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次环保活动中，某班级学生收集废旧电池。已知第一天收集了12节，第二天收集的数量比第一天多5节，第三天收集的数量是第二天的2倍。那么这三天一共收集了___节废旧电池。","answer":"63","explanation":"第一天收集了12节；第二天比第一天多5节，即12 + 5 = 17节；第三天是第二天的2倍，即17 × 2 = 34节。三天总共收集的数量为：12 + 17 + 34 = 63节。本题考查有理数的加减与乘法运算在实际问题中的应用，属于整式加减与有理数运算的综合简单应用。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 23:57:12","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":586,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"2天","answer":"待完善","explanation":"解析待完善","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 20:20:34","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":323,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"选择题","content":"中位数是152，众数是148","answer":"答案待完善","explanation":"解析待完善","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:38:18","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1907,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级组织了一次环保活动，收集废旧纸张和塑料瓶。已知收集的废旧纸张总重量比塑料瓶多12千克，且两种物品的总重量为48千克。设塑料瓶的重量为x千克，则根据题意列出的方程是：","answer":"B","explanation":"根据题意，塑料瓶重量为x千克，废旧纸张比塑料瓶多12千克，因此纸张重量为(x + 12)千克。两者总重量为48千克，所以方程为：x + (x + 12) = 48。选项B正确表达了这一数量关系。选项A错误地将纸张表示为比塑料瓶少；选项C的减法不符合实际意义；选项D错误地将12与x相乘，而非相加。","solution_steps":"","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-07 13:11:04","updated_at":"2026-01-07 13:11:04","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"x + (x - 12) = 48","is_correct":0},{"id":"B","content":"x + (x + 12) = 48","is_correct":1},{"id":"C","content":"x - (x + 12) = 48","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"x + 12x = 48","is_correct":0}]},{"id":371,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"某班级组织了一次环保知识竞赛，共20道题，答对一题得5分，答错或不答扣2分。一名学生最终得分为65分，请问他答对了多少道题？","answer":"A","explanation":"设这名学生答对了x道题，则答错或不答的题数为(20 - x)道。根据题意，答对一题得5分，答错或不答扣2分，总得分为65分，可列出一元一次方程：5x - 2(20 - x) = 65。展开并化简：5x - 40 + 2x = 65，合并同类项得7x - 40 = 65，移项得7x = 105，解得x = 15。因此，该学生答对了15道题。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-29 15:49:17","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"15","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"14","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"13","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"12","is_correct":0}]},{"id":125,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"选择题","content":"小明在计算一个代数式时，将表达式 3x + 2 中的 x 错看成了它的相反数，结果得到的值比正确答案少了 10。那么 x 的值是多少？","answer":"5\/3","explanation":"本题考查初一学生对代数式、相反数以及一元一次方程的理解与应用。题目通过‘看错相反数’这一情境，引导学生建立等量关系，列出方程求解。虽然情境略有变化，但核心仍是利用代数思想解决问题，符合初一学生的认知水平。解题关键在于理解‘错看成相反数’意味着代入的是 -x，而正确代入的是 x，两者结果相差 10，由此可列方程求解。","solution_steps":"设正确的代数式值为：3x + 2。\n小明错看成相反数，即代入 -x，得到错误值为：3(-x) + 2 = -3x + 2。\n根据题意，错误值比正确值少 10，因此有：\n(3x + 2) - (-3x + 2) = 10\n化简左边：3x + 2 + 3x - 2 = 6x\n所以：6x = 10\n解得：x = 10 ÷ 6 = 5\/3\n因此，x 的值是 5\/3。","common_mistakes":"","learning_suggestions":"","difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-24 08:54:36","updated_at":"2025-12-24 08:54:36","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[{"id":"A","content":"5\/3","is_correct":1},{"id":"B","content":"6","is_correct":0},{"id":"C","content":"4","is_correct":0},{"id":"D","content":"2.5","is_correct":0}]},{"id":855,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"初中","type":"填空题","content":"在一次环保知识问卷调查中，某班级共收集了60份有效问卷。其中，了解垃圾分类知识的学生占全班人数的75%，那么不了解垃圾分类知识的学生有____人。","answer":"15","explanation":"全班共有60人，了解垃圾分类知识的学生占75%，则不了解的学生占1 - 75% = 25%。计算25%的60人：60 × 25% = 60 × 0.25 = 15。因此，不了解垃圾分类知识的学生有15人。本题考查百分数在实际数据整理中的应用，属于‘数据的收集、整理与描述’知识点，难度简单，符合七年级学生认知水平。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 01:07:39","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1706,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某学校组织七年级学生开展‘校园植物分布调查’活动，要求将校园划分为若干区域，并在平面直角坐标系中记录每种植物的位置。已知校园被划分为四个象限，某学生在第一象限内发现一种植物，其位置坐标为 (a, b)，其中 a 和 b 是正实数，且满足以下条件：\n\n① a 和 b 是方程组\n 2x + y = 8\n x - y = -2\n 的解；\n\n② 该点到原点的距离为 d，且 d² 是一个整数；\n\n③ 若将该点绕原点逆时针旋转 90°，得到新点 P'，求点 P' 的坐标；\n\n④ 若以原点、点 P 和点 P' 为三个顶点构成三角形，判断该三角形的形状（按边和角分类），并说明理由。\n\n请依次解答上述四个问题。","answer":"① 解方程组：\n 2x + y = 8 （1）\n x - y = -2 （2）\n\n 将（2）式变形得：x = y - 2，代入（1）式：\n 2(y - 2) + y = 8\n 2y - 4 + y = 8\n 3y = 12\n y = 4\n 代入 x = y - 2 得：x = 4 - 2 = 2\n 所以 a = 2，b = 4，点 P 坐标为 (2, 4)\n\n② 计算到原点的距离 d：\n d² = 2² + 4² = 4 + 16 = 20\n 20 是整数，满足条件。\n\n③ 将点 P(2, 4) 绕原点逆时针旋转 90°，旋转公式为：\n (x, y) → (-y, x)\n 所以 P' 坐标为 (-4, 2)\n\n④ 三点坐标：O(0, 0)，P(2, 4)，P'(-4, 2)\n\n 计算三边长度：\n OP = √(2² + 4²) = √20\n OP' = √((-4)² + 2²) = √(16 + 4) = √20\n PP' = √[(2 - (-4))² + (4 - 2)²] = √(6² + 2²) = √(36 + 4) = √40\n\n 因为 OP = OP'，所以是等腰三角形。\n\n 再判断是否为直角三角形：\n 检查是否满足勾股定理：\n OP² + OP'² = 20 + 20 = 40 = PP'²\n 所以 ∠POP' = 90°，是直角三角形。\n\n 综上，该三角形是等腰直角三角形。","explanation":"本题综合考查了二元一次方程组的解法、实数运算、平面直角坐标系中的坐标变换（旋转变换）、两点间距离公式以及三角形形状的判定。解题关键在于：\n\n1. 通过代入法准确求解方程组，得到点的坐标；\n2. 利用勾股定理计算点到原点的距离平方，并验证其为整数；\n3. 掌握绕原点逆时针旋转 90° 的坐标变换规则：(x, y) → (-y, x)；\n4. 利用坐标计算三角形三边长度，通过边长关系判断三角形类型：两边相等说明是等腰三角形，三边满足勾股定理说明是直角三角形，因此是等腰直角三角形。\n\n本题融合了代数与几何知识，要求学生具备较强的综合分析与计算能力，符合困难难度要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 13:44:30","updated_at":"2026-01-06 13:44:30","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":1415,"subject":"数学","grade":"七年级","stage":"初中","type":"解答题","content":"某城市为了优化公交线路，对一条主干道的车流量进行了为期一周的观测。观测数据如下：周一至周五每天的车流量分别为 1200、1350、1280、1420、1300 辆；周六和周日分别为 980 和 860 辆。交通部门计划在车流量超过平均日流量的日子增加临时班次。已知每增加一个临时班次可多运送 50 名乘客，且每名乘客的平均票价为 2 元。若临时班次的运营成本为每班次 80 元，问：在一周中，交通部门因增加临时班次总共能获得多少净利润？（净利润 = 总收入 - 总成本）","answer":"第一步：计算一周的总车流量。\n1200 + 1350 + 1280 + 1420 + 1300 + 980 + 860 = 8390（辆）\n\n第二步：计算平均日车流量。\n8390 ÷ 7 ≈ 1198.57（辆\/天）\n\n第三步：找出车流量超过平均日流量的天数。\n比较每天车流量与 1198.57：\n- 周一：1200 > 1198.57 → 超过\n- 周二：1350 > 1198.57 → 超过\n- 周三：1280 > 1198.57 → 超过\n- 周四：1420 > 1198.57 → 超过\n- 周五：1300 > 1198.57 → 超过\n- 周六：980 < 1198.57 → 未超过\n- 周日：860 < 1198.57 → 未超过\n\n因此，有 5 天需要增加临时班次。\n\n第四步：计算每天增加的临时班次数。\n题目未直接给出班次数，但说明“每增加一个临时班次可多运送 50 名乘客”，我们假设交通部门根据超出部分合理配置班次，但题目未给出具体配置规则。然而，结合问题目标（求净利润），需明确班次数。\n\n重新审题：题目隐含条件是“在车流量超过平均的日子增加临时班次”，但未说明增加几个。考虑到七年级知识范围，应理解为：只要超过，就增加一个临时班次（标准做法）。否则无法计算。\n\n因此，每天超过平均流量的日子增加 1 个临时班次，共 5 天 → 共增加 5 个临时班次。\n\n第五步：计算总收入。\n每班次多运送 50 名乘客，每名乘客票价 2 元：\n每班次收入 = 50 × 2 = 100（元）\n5 个班次总收入 = 5 × 100 = 500（元）\n\n第六步：计算总成本。\n每班次成本 80 元，5 个班次总成本 = 5 × 80 = 400（元）\n\n第七步：计算净利润。\n净利润 = 总收入 - 总成本 = 500 - 400 = 100（元）\n\n答：交通部门因增加临时班次总共能获得 100 元的净利润。","explanation":"本题综合考查了数据的收集、整理与描述（计算平均数、比较数据大小）、有理数的运算（加减乘除）、以及实际问题的建模能力。解题关键在于理解“平均日流量”的计算方法，并据此判断哪些天需要增加班次。题目设置了真实情境——城市公交调度，要求学生在处理实际数据的基础上进行逻辑推理和数学计算。难点在于学生需自主判断“增加临时班次”的具体数量，结合七年级认知水平，合理假设为每天增加一个班次，使问题可解。同时涉及收入、成本、利润等经济概念，体现了数学在生活中的应用，符合新课标对数学建模能力的要求。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"困难","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2026-01-06 11:29:46","updated_at":"2026-01-06 11:29:46","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]},{"id":923,"subject":"数学","grade":"初一","stage":"小学","type":"填空题","content":"在一次环保知识问卷调查中，共收集了120份有效问卷，其中选择‘垃圾分类很重要’的有78人，选择‘节约用水很重要’的有42人。若用扇形统计图表示这两类回答所占比例，则‘垃圾分类很重要’对应的圆心角为___度。","answer":"234","explanation":"扇形统计图中每个部分的圆心角计算公式为：（该部分人数 ÷ 总人数）× 360°。本题中，‘垃圾分类很重要’的人数为78人，总人数为120人，因此圆心角为 (78 ÷ 120) × 360 = 0.65 × 360 = 234°。","solution_steps":null,"common_mistakes":null,"learning_suggestions":null,"difficulty":"简单","points":1,"is_active":1,"created_at":"2025-12-30 02:47:23","updated_at":"2025-12-30 11:11:27","sort_order":0,"source":null,"tags":null,"analysis":null,"knowledge_point":null,"difficulty_coefficient":null,"suggested_time":null,"accuracy_rate":null,"usage_count":0,"last_used":null,"view_count":0,"favorite_count":0,"options":[]}]